Changes

The fourth chapter ([[Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya]]) provides details of fifty ''Mahakashaya''(or five classes of groups of ten medicines, and six hundred evacuatives) to be used in various diseases. Overall, this ''Chatushka'' provides a list of drugs to be used in various forms in a variety of diseases.

The fourth chapter ([[Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya]]) provides details of fifty ''Mahakashaya''(or five classes of groups of ten medicines, and six hundred evacuatives) to be used in various diseases. Overall, this ''Chatushka'' provides a list of drugs to be used in various forms in a variety of diseases.

The second tetrad is the ''Swastha Chatushka'' that deals with important guidelines to be followed by healthy individuals to maintain their health. The first chapter of this tetrad, [[Matrashiteeya]], deals with the daily regimen to be followed by healthy individuals to maintain their health. The next chapter, [[Tasyashiteeya]], recommends changes one should make in his/her daily habits and lifestyle i.e. clothing, food habits, exercise etc., depending upon the season, to stay healthy. The seventh chapter in the [[Charaka Samhita]], [[Naveganadharaniya]], explains the importance of suppressible and non-suppressible urges in the human body, diseases due to non-suppressible urges and their treatment. [[Indriyopakramaniya]] is the last chapter in this tetrad, dealing with ''sadvritta'' (general code of conduct). Besides maintaining his own health, ''sadvritta'' also helps the individual in maintaining healthy relations with other individuals, thus helping maintain harmony in the society at large.

The second tetrad is the ''Swastha Chatushka'' that deals with important guidelines to be followed by healthy individuals to maintain their health. The first chapter of this tetrad, [[Matrashiteeya]], deals with the daily regimen to be followed by healthy individuals to maintain their health. The next chapter, [[Tasyashiteeya]], recommends changes one should make in his/her daily habits and lifestyle i.e. clothing, food habits, exercise etc., depending upon the season, to stay healthy. The seventh chapter in the [[Charaka Samhita]], [[Naveganadharaniya]], explains the importance of suppressible and non-suppressible urges in the human body, diseases due to non-suppressible urges and their treatment. [[Indriyopakramaniya]] is the last chapter in this tetrad, dealing with ''sadvritta'' (general code of conduct). Besides maintaining his own health, ''sadvritta'' also helps the individual in maintaining healthy relations with other individuals, thus helping maintain harmony in the society at large.

The third tetrad, Nirdesha Chatushka, is about instructions to health care providers. The first chapter of this Chatushka, [[Khuddakachatushpada]], deals with the ''Chikitsa Chatushpada'' (or the Four Pillars of Therapeutics) - ''vaidya'' (physician), ''dravya'' (medicine), ''upasthata'' (nurse) and ''rogi''(patient). Four qualities of each of these “pillars” and the importance of the physician amongst all of them have been detailed in this chapter. The next chapter, [[Mahachatushpada]], explains the classification of diseases on the basis of prognosis. It is recommended in this chapter that the treatment should only be initiated after thorough diagnosis and identification of the disease, and the physician should refrain himself from treating the incurable diseases. The third chapter in this Chatushka ([[Tistraishaniya]]) deals with topics such as the three types of desires, strength, causes of diseases, diseases themselves, paths, physicians, and therapies. The last chapter of this tetrad ([[Vatakalakaliya]]) deals with the good and bad qualities/functions of ''vata'', ''pitta'', and kapha. A physician should have a thorough knowledge of the guidelines provided in this ''Chatushka'' to succeed in his field.

The third tetrad, ''Nirdesha Chatushka'', is about instructions to health care providers. The first chapter of this ''Chatushka'', [[Khuddakachatushpada]], deals with the ''Chikitsa Chatushpada'' (or the Four Pillars of Therapeutics) - ''vaidya'' (physician), ''dravya'' (medicine), ''upasthata'' (nurse) and ''rogi''(patient). Four qualities of each of these “pillars” and the importance of the physician amongst all of them have been detailed in this chapter. The next chapter, [[Mahachatushpada]], explains the classification of diseases on the basis of prognosis. It is recommended in this chapter that the treatment should only be initiated after thorough diagnosis and identification of the disease, and the physician should refrain himself from treating the incurable diseases. The third chapter in this Chatushka ([[Tistraishaniya]]) deals with topics such as the three types of desires, strength, causes of diseases, diseases themselves, paths, physicians, and therapies. The last chapter of this tetrad ([[Vatakalakaliya]]) deals with the good and bad qualities/functions of ''vata'', ''pitta'', and kapha. A physician should have a thorough knowledge of the guidelines provided in this ''Chatushka'' to succeed in his field.

The next tetrad in ''Sutra Sthana'', ''Kalpanachatushka'', deals with the application of medicines in the form of various procedures either in healthy or in diseased individuals. ''Shodhana'' (bio-purification procedures) is an important concept of Ayurveda prescribed for removal of toxic wastes from the body. To prepare the patient for ''shodhana'', he has to go through specific pre-shodhana procedures, such as ''snehana''(internal application of ''sneha'' (fat)) and ''swedana''(sweating), to mobilize toxic wastes within the body and excrete them out of the body.  The first chapter of this ''Chatushka'', [[Snehadhyaya]], provides the guidelines for proper use of ''sneha'' either for ''shodhana'' or for ''shamana'' (to appease/palliation) purposes. A patient who has successfully completed the ''snehana'' procedure is now subjected to ''swedana'' procedure. The next chapter, [[Swedadhyaya]], explains the various types of ''swedana'' recommended for various diseases. ''Snehana'' and ''swedana'' help the toxins to move towards the gut from where they will be expelled out of the body either through ''vamana''(medicated emesis) or ''virechana''(medicated purgation). The next chapter, [[Upakalpaniya]], emphasizes on how a physician should be well equipped before administering any ''shodhana'' procedure to any of the patients. This chapter provides the outline for a fully equipped hospital and standard ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' procedures. The last chapter of this tetrad, [[Chikitsaprabhritiya]], depicts the importance of ''shodhana'' over ''shamana'' therapy. The details of properly / improperly administered ''shodhana'' procedures are discussed here. Important concepts like ''shuddhachikitsa'' (pure form of treatment)and ''svabhavoparamavada''(theory of natural destruction) etc. have also been described in this chapter.

The next tetrad in ''Sutra Sthana'', ''Kalpanachatushka'', deals with the application of medicines in the form of various procedures either in healthy or in diseased individuals. ''Shodhana'' (bio-purification procedures) is an important concept of Ayurveda prescribed for removal of toxic wastes from the body. To prepare the patient for ''shodhana'', he has to go through specific pre-shodhana procedures, such as ''snehana''(internal application of ''sneha'' (fat)) and ''swedana''(sweating), to mobilize toxic wastes within the body and excrete them out of the body.  The first chapter of this ''Chatushka'', [[Snehadhyaya]], provides the guidelines for proper use of ''sneha'' either for ''shodhana'' or for ''shamana'' (to appease/palliation) purposes. A patient who has successfully completed the ''snehana'' procedure is now subjected to ''swedana'' procedure. The next chapter, [[Swedadhyaya]], explains the various types of ''swedana'' recommended for various diseases. ''Snehana'' and ''swedana'' help the toxins to move towards the gut from where they will be expelled out of the body either through ''vamana''(medicated emesis) or ''virechana''(medicated purgation). The next chapter, [[Upakalpaniya]], emphasizes on how a physician should be well equipped before administering any ''shodhana'' procedure to any of the patients. This chapter provides the outline for a fully equipped hospital and standard ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' procedures. The last chapter of this tetrad, [[Chikitsaprabhritiya]], depicts the importance of ''shodhana'' over ''shamana'' therapy. The details of properly / improperly administered ''shodhana'' procedures are discussed here. Important concepts like ''shuddhachikitsa'' (pure form of treatment)and ''svabhavoparamavada''(theory of natural destruction) etc. have also been described in this chapter.

The fifth ''Chatushka'' is about ''roga'' (disease). As the name suggests, this ''Chatushka'' provides a (brief) list of diseases that are extensively mentioned throughout [[Charaka Samhita]]. The first chapter [[Kiyanta Shiraseeya]], provides the details of diseases like ''shiroroga''(diseases of the head), ''hridroga''(cardiac diseases), eighteen types of ''kshaya''(loss of body tissues), ''vidradhi'' (abscess) and ''madhumeha''(a clinical condition similar to diabetes mellitus). The next chapter, [[Trishothiya]], elucidates various types of edema. The third chapter of this tetrad, [[Ashtodariya]], reveals the types of about 48 diseases that are caused by a combination of ''doshas''. The last chapter of this tetrad, [[Maharoga]], is exclusively dedicated to the diseases caused by single ''doshas''(''vata'', ''pitta'', or ''kapha'').

The fifth ''Chatushka'' is about ''roga'' (disease). As the name suggests, this ''Chatushka'' provides a (brief) list of diseases that are extensively mentioned throughout [[Charaka Samhita]]. The first chapter [[Kiyanta Shiraseeya]], provides the details of diseases like ''shiroroga''(diseases of the head), ''hridroga''(cardiac diseases), eighteen types of ''kshaya''(loss of body tissues), ''vidradhi'' (abscess) and ''madhumeha''(a clinical condition similar to diabetes mellitus). The next chapter, [[Trishothiya]], elucidates various types of edema. The third chapter of this tetrad, [[Ashtodariya]], reveals the types of about 48 diseases that are caused by a combination of ''doshas''. The last chapter of this tetrad, [[Maharoga]], is exclusively dedicated to the diseases caused by single ''doshas''(''vata'', ''pitta'', or ''kapha'').