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Line 66: + + + + + + + + + + + + − + + + + + − Lord Atreya replied to him—O Agnivesha! Twenty types of pathogenic parasites have been mentioned here from various points of view, the non-pathogenic are other ones described elsewhere. They, being divided as per their source of genesis, are of four types-developing in faeces, in mucus, in blood and developing from external excreta.(9) − + + + + + + + Line 97:
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→Introduction
Parasitology and Bacteriolgy in Ayurveda –Oldest recording of classification and treatment of krimi (parasites and microbes) is found in Caraka Samhita. It is obvious that they had knowledge of parasites and invisible microorganisms and their role in pathogenesis and symbiosis. Details of krimis is described under seven subheadings i.e. aetiology, nomenclature, site, morphology, colour, pathogenesis and treatment, in the text total number of krimi is mentioned as twenty.
Parasitology and Bacteriolgy in Ayurveda –Oldest recording of classification and treatment of krimi (parasites and microbes) is found in Caraka Samhita. It is obvious that they had knowledge of parasites and invisible microorganisms and their role in pathogenesis and symbiosis. Details of krimis is described under seven subheadings i.e. aetiology, nomenclature, site, morphology, colour, pathogenesis and treatment, in the text total number of krimi is mentioned as twenty.
Classification – The krimis are classified as external and internal. Internal type
Classification – The krimis are classified as external and internal. Internal type has been further classified under three subtypes i.e. raktaja (originating in blood), sheshmika (originating due to kapha predominant factors), and purishaja (originating in feces).
has been further classified under three subtypes i.e. raktaja (originating in blood), sheshmika (originating due to kapha predominant factors), and purishaja (originating in feces).
Morphology – Charaka has described three morphological types of shlaishmika krimi which is consistent with present day parasitology, three types include platy helminths; nematodes- large nematodes & small nematodes.
Morphology – Charaka has described three morphological types of shlaishmika krimi which is consistent with present day parasitology, three types include platy helminths; nematodes- large nematodes & small nematodes.
Pathogenesis – Raktaja krimi are invisible and produce the symptomatology like kushtha hence they are to be treated like the disease kushtha. However, The shleshmika and purishaja variety has more academic importance than therapeutic as their etiological factor and treatment are the same but the presenting symptomatology is different.
Pathogenesis – Raktaja krimi are invisible and produce the symptomatology like kushtha hence they are to be treated like the disease kushtha. However, The shleshmika and purishaja variety has more academic importance than therapeutic as their etiological factor and treatment are the same but the presenting symptomatology is different.
Treatment - In this section the management principle has been described which is unique and applicable to the management of most diseases. Treatment is described predominantly for intestinal parasites. Long list of plants is mentioned for the treatment of parasites and their expulsion from the body. Per the advancement in technology and pharmaceuticals, the parasites and micro-organisms are studied in detail in modern medicine. Specific ante-helminthics and anti-microbial drugs with good clinical efficacy are available. The description of methods of removal of parasites in Ayurveda seems to be inconvenient in today’s era, where convenient therapeutic modalities are developed by modern science. The ayurvedic drugs also need to be used in larger doses. Modern medicine drugs, for removal of common parasites are effective with convenient dosage schedule. However, these drugs are potentially toxic and are to be used with careful watch of physician.
Treatment - In this section the management principle has been described which is unique and applicable to the management of most diseases. Treatment is described predominantly for intestinal parasites. Long list of plants is mentioned for the treatment of parasites and their expulsion from the body. Per the advancement in technology and pharmaceuticals, the parasites and micro-organisms are studied in detail in modern medicine. Specific ante-helminthics and anti-microbial drugs with good clinical efficacy are available. The description of methods of removal of parasites in Ayurveda seems to be inconvenient in today’s era, where convenient therapeutic modalities are developed by modern science. The ayurvedic drugs also need to be used in larger doses. Modern medicine drugs, for removal of common parasites are effective with convenient dosage schedule. However, these drugs are potentially toxic and are to be used with careful watch of physician.
==== The Chapter ====
अथातो व्याधितरूपीयं विमानं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
अथातो व्याधितरूपीयं विमानं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||athātō vyādhitarūpīyaṁ vimānaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||athātō vyādhitarūpīyaṁ vimānaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
athAto vyAdhitarUpIyaM vimAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
athAto vyAdhitarUpIyaM vimAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
We shall now expound the chapter on “Determination of the specific characteristics of different types of patients”. As told by Lord Atreya. [1-2]
We shall now expound the chapter on “Determination of the specific characteristics of different types of patients”. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
==== Two types of patients based on severity of disease and clinical presentation ====
==== Two types of patients based on severity of disease and clinical presentation ====
इह खलु द्वौ पुरुषौ व्याधितरूपौ भवतः- गुरुव्याधितः, लघुव्याधितश्च| तत्र- गुरुव्याधित एकः सत्त्वबलशरीरसम्पदुपेतत्वाल्लघुव्याधित इव दृश्यते, लघुव्याधितोऽपरः सत्त्वादीनामधमत्वाद्गुरुव्याधित इव दृश्यते| तयोरकुशलाः केवलं चक्षुषैव रूपंदृष्ट्वाऽध्यवस्यन्तो व्याधिगुरुलाघवे विप्रतिपद्यन्ते||३||
इह खलु द्वौ पुरुषौ व्याधितरूपौ भवतः- गुरुव्याधितः, लघुव्याधितश्च| तत्र- गुरुव्याधित एकः सत्त्वबलशरीरसम्पदुपेतत्वाल्लघुव्याधित इव दृश्यते, लघुव्याधितोऽपरः सत्त्वादीनामधमत्वाद्गुरुव्याधित इव दृश्यते| तयोरकुशलाः केवलं चक्षुषैव रूपंदृष्ट्वाऽध्यवस्यन्तो व्याधिगुरुलाघवे विप्रतिपद्यन्ते||३||
iha khalu dvau puruṣau vyādhitarūpau bhavataḥ- guruvyādhitaḥ, laghuvyādhitaśca|
iha khalu dvau puruṣau vyādhitarūpau bhavataḥ- guruvyādhitaḥ, laghuvyādhitaśca|
tatra- guruvyādhita ēkaḥ sattvabalaśarīrasampadupētatvāllaghuvyādhita iva dr̥śyatē, laghuvyādhitō'paraḥsattvādīnāmadhamatvādguruvyādhita iva dr̥śyatē|
tatra- guruvyādhita ēkaḥ sattvabalaśarīrasampadupētatvāllaghuvyādhita iva dr̥śyatē, laghuvyādhitō'paraḥsattvādīnāmadhamatvādguruvyādhita iva dr̥śyatē|
tayōrakuśalāḥ kēvalaṁ cakṣuṣaiva rūpaṁ dr̥ṣṭvā'dhyavasyantō vyādhigurulāghavē vipratipadyantē||3||
tayōrakuśalāḥ kēvalaṁ cakṣuṣaiva rūpaṁ dr̥ṣṭvā'dhyavasyantō vyādhigurulāghavē vipratipadyantē||3||
iha khalu dvau puruShau vyAdhitarUpau bhavataH- guruvyAdhitaH, laghuvyAdhitashca | tatra- guruvyAdhita ekaH sattvabalasharIrasampadupetatvAllaghuvyAdhita iva dRushyate, laghuvyAdhito~aparaH sattvAdInAmadhamatvAdguruvyAdhita iva dRushyate | tayorakushalAH kevalaM cakShuShaiva rUpaM dRuShTvA~adhyavasyanto vyAdhigurulAghave vipratipadyante ||3||
iha khalu dvau puruShau vyAdhitarUpau bhavataH- guruvyAdhitaH, laghuvyAdhitashca | tatra- guruvyAdhita ekaH sattvabalasharIrasampadupetatvAllaghuvyAdhita iva dRushyate, laghuvyAdhito~aparaH sattvAdInAmadhamatvAdguruvyAdhita iva dRushyate | tayorakushalAH kevalaM cakShuShaiva rUpaM dRuShTvA~adhyavasyanto vyAdhigurulAghave vipratipadyante ||3||
There are two types of individuals having disease i.e. one with serious illness and other from mild disease. However, one who may be suffering from a severe disease but due to strong mental and physical constitution may project himself/herself to be suffering from a mild disease. The other one is that who may be suffering from a mild disorder but gives the impression of suffering from a severe disorder. The physicians who are not well versed in this regard fail to diagnose properly mild and severe stage of disease, merely on the basis of observation of symptoms.[3]
There are two types of individuals having disease i.e. one with serious illness and other from mild disease. However, one who may be suffering from a severe disease but due to strong mental and physical constitution may project himself/herself to be suffering from a mild disease. The other one is that who may be suffering from a mild disorder but gives the impression of suffering from a severe disorder. The physicians who are not well versed in this regard fail to diagnose properly mild and severe stage of disease, merely on the basis of observation of symptoms.[3]
Consequence of improper diagnosis:
==== Consequence of improper diagnosis ====
नहि ज्ञानावयवेन कृत्स्ने ज्ञेये विज्ञानमुत्पद्यते| विप्रतिपन्नास्तु खलु रोगज्ञाने उपक्रमयुक्तिज्ञाने चापि विप्रतिपद्यन्ते | ते यदा गुरुव्याधितं लघुव्याधितरूपमासादयन्ति, तदा तमल्पदोषं मत्वा संशोधनकालेऽस्मै मृदु संशोधनं प्रयच्छन्तो भूय एवास्य दोषानुदीरयन्ति| यदा तु लघुव्याधितं गुरुव्याधितरूपमासादयन्ति, तदा तं महादोषं मत्वा संशोधनकालेऽस्मै तीक्ष्णं संशोधनं प्रयच्छन्तो दोषानतिनिर्हृत्य शरीरमस्य क्षिण्वन्ति| एवमवयवेन ज्ञानस्य कृत्स्ने ज्ञेये ज्ञानमभिमन्यमानाः परिस्खलन्ति| विदितवेदितव्यास्तु भिषजः सर्वं सर्वथा यथासम्भवं परीक्ष्यं परीक्ष्याध्यवस्यन्तो न क्वचिदपि विप्रतिपद्यन्ते, यथेष्टमर्थमभिनिर्वर्तयन्ति चेति ||४||
नहि ज्ञानावयवेन कृत्स्ने ज्ञेये विज्ञानमुत्पद्यते| विप्रतिपन्नास्तु खलु रोगज्ञाने उपक्रमयुक्तिज्ञाने चापि विप्रतिपद्यन्ते | ते यदा गुरुव्याधितं लघुव्याधितरूपमासादयन्ति, तदा तमल्पदोषं मत्वा संशोधनकालेऽस्मै मृदु संशोधनं प्रयच्छन्तो भूय एवास्य दोषानुदीरयन्ति| यदा तु लघुव्याधितं गुरुव्याधितरूपमासादयन्ति, तदा तं महादोषं मत्वा संशोधनकालेऽस्मै तीक्ष्णं संशोधनं प्रयच्छन्तो दोषानतिनिर्हृत्य शरीरमस्य क्षिण्वन्ति| एवमवयवेन ज्ञानस्य कृत्स्ने ज्ञेये ज्ञानमभिमन्यमानाः परिस्खलन्ति| विदितवेदितव्यास्तु भिषजः सर्वं सर्वथा यथासम्भवं परीक्ष्यं परीक्ष्याध्यवस्यन्तो न क्वचिदपि विप्रतिपद्यन्ते, यथेष्टमर्थमभिनिर्वर्तयन्ति चेति ||४||
nahi jñānāvayavēna kr̥tsnē jñēyē vijñānamutpadyatē|
nahi jñānāvayavēna kr̥tsnē jñēyē vijñānamutpadyatē|
vipratipannāstu khalu rōgajñānē upakramayuktijñānē cāpi vipratipadyantē|
vipratipannāstu khalu rōgajñānē upakramayuktijñānē cāpi vipratipadyantē|
nahi j~jAnAvayavena kRutsne j~jeye vij~jAnamutpadyate | vipratipannAstu khalu rogaj~jAne upakramayuktij~jAne cApi vipratipadyante | te yadA guruvyAdhitaM laghuvyAdhitarUpamAsAdayanti, tadA tamalpadoShaM matvA saMshodhanakAle~asmai mRudu saMshodhanaM prayacchanto bhUya evAsya doShAnudIrayanti | yadA tu laghuvyAdhitaM guruvyAdhitarUpamAsAdayanti, tadA taM mahAdoShaM matvA saMshodhanakAle~asmai tIkShNaM saMshodhanaM prayacchanto doShAnatinirhRutya sharIramasya kShiNvanti | evamavayavena j~jAnasya kRutsne j~jeye j~jAnamabhimanyamAnAH pariskhalanti | viditaveditavyAstu bhiShajaH sarvaM sarvathA yathAsambhavaM parIkShyaM parIkShyAdhyavasyanto na kvacidapi vipratipadyante, yatheShTamarthamabhinirvartayanti ceti ||4||
nahi j~jAnAvayavena kRutsne j~jeye vij~jAnamutpadyate | vipratipannAstu khalu rogaj~jAne upakramayuktij~jAne cApi vipratipadyante | te yadA guruvyAdhitaM laghuvyAdhitarUpamAsAdayanti, tadA tamalpadoShaM matvA saMshodhanakAle~asmai mRudu saMshodhanaM prayacchanto bhUya evAsya doShAnudIrayanti | yadA tu laghuvyAdhitaM guruvyAdhitarUpamAsAdayanti, tadA taM mahAdoShaM matvA saMshodhanakAle~asmai tIkShNaM saMshodhanaM prayacchanto doShAnatinirhRutya sharIramasya kShiNvanti | evamavayavena j~jAnasya kRutsne j~jeye j~jAnamabhimanyamAnAH pariskhalanti | viditaveditavyAstu bhiShajaH sarvaM sarvathA yathAsambhavaM parIkShyaM parIkShyAdhyavasyanto na kvacidapi vipratipadyante, yatheShTamarthamabhinirvartayanti ceti ||4||
A partial knowledge of any subject does not provide thorough understanding of the entire scientific concept. Those who fail to diagnose a case properly, also fail to prescribe a rational remedy for the same. For instance, when they consider the severely ill person having mild disease and, administer mild evacuative drug which fails to expel (udeerana) out doshas. Similarly, when they consider mildly ill patient to have severe disease and administer strong evacuative drug which eliminates the doshas excessively causing weakness in the body. Thus those who regard the partial knowledge as sufficient to provide complete understanding of the entire object, fail in their pursuit. On the other hand, the physicians who have thorough knowledge from all aspects and take action after examining the entire situation by all means as far as possible they achieve the desired objective.[4]
A partial knowledge of any subject does not provide thorough understanding of the entire scientific concept. Those who fail to diagnose a case properly, also fail to prescribe a rational remedy for the same. For instance, when they consider the severely ill person having mild disease and, administer mild evacuative drug which fails to expel (udeerana) out doshas. Similarly, when they consider mildly ill patient to have severe disease and administer strong evacuative drug which eliminates the doshas excessively causing weakness in the body. Thus those who regard the partial knowledge as sufficient to provide complete understanding of the entire object, fail in their pursuit. On the other hand, the physicians who have thorough knowledge from all aspects and take action after examining the entire situation by all means as far as possible they achieve the desired objective.[4]
सत्त्वादीनां विकल्पेन व्याधिरूपमथातुरे|
सत्त्वादीनां विकल्पेन व्याधिरूपमथातुरे|
दृष्ट्वा विप्रतिपद्यन्ते बाला व्याधिबलाबले||५||
दृष्ट्वा विप्रतिपद्यन्ते बाला व्याधिबलाबले||५||
ते भेषजमयोगेन कुर्वन्त्यज्ञानमोहिताः |
ते भेषजमयोगेन कुर्वन्त्यज्ञानमोहिताः |
व्याधितानां विनाशाय क्लेशाय महतेऽपिवा||६||
व्याधितानां विनाशाय क्लेशाय महतेऽपिवा||६||
प्राज्ञास्तु सर्वमाज्ञाय परीक्ष्यमिह सर्वथा |
प्राज्ञास्तु सर्वमाज्ञाय परीक्ष्यमिह सर्वथा |
न स्खलन्ति प्रयोगेषु भेषजानां कदाचन ||७|
न स्खलन्ति प्रयोगेषु भेषजानां कदाचन ||७|
bhavanti cātra-
bhavanti cātra-
sattvādīnāṁ vikalpēna vyādhirūpamathāturē [1] |
sattvādīnāṁ vikalpēna vyādhirūpamathāturē [1] |
dr̥ṣṭvā vipratipadyantē bālā vyādhibalābalē||5||
dr̥ṣṭvā vipratipadyantē bālā vyādhibalābalē||5||
tē bhēṣajamayōgēna kurvantyajñānamōhitāḥ|
tē bhēṣajamayōgēna kurvantyajñānamōhitāḥ|
vyādhitānāṁ vināśāya klēśāya mahatē'pi vā||6||
vyādhitānāṁ vināśāya klēśāya mahatē'pi vā||6||
prājñāstu sarvamājñāya parīkṣyamiha sarvathā|
prājñāstu sarvamājñāya parīkṣyamiha sarvathā|
na skhalanti prayōgēṣu bhēṣajānāṁ kadācana||7||
na skhalanti prayōgēṣu bhēṣajānāṁ kadācana||7||
bhavanti cAtra-
bhavanti cAtra-
sattvAdInAM vikalpena vyAdhirUpamathAture [1] |
sattvAdInAM vikalpena vyAdhirUpamathAture [1] |
dRuShTvA vipratipadyante bAlA vyAdhibalAbale ||5||
dRuShTvA vipratipadyante bAlA vyAdhibalAbale ||5||
te bheShajamayogena kurvantyaj~jAnamohitAH |
te bheShajamayogena kurvantyaj~jAnamohitAH |
vyAdhitAnAM vinAshAya kleshAya mahate~api vA ||6||
vyAdhitAnAM vinAshAya kleshAya mahate~api vA ||6||
prAj~jAstu sarvamAj~jAya parIkShyamiha sarvathA |
prAj~jAstu sarvamAj~jAya parIkShyamiha sarvathA |
na skhalanti prayogeShu bheShajAnAM kadAcana ||7||
na skhalanti prayogeShu bheShajAnAM kadAcana ||7||
Here are the verses,
Here are the verses,
The inexperienced physicians may wrongly diagnose the severity of the disease by seeing only the appearance of the patient having psychic disorder. These ignorant ones, by administering improper remedies, cause end of the patient or severe misery to the patient. The learned ones, (on the other hand), after examining the patient by all means never commit mistakes in administration of remedial measure. [5-7]
The inexperienced physicians may wrongly diagnose the severity of the disease by seeing only the appearance of the patient having psychic disorder. These ignorant ones, by administering improper remedies, cause end of the patient or severe misery to the patient. The learned ones, (on the other hand), after examining the patient by all means never commit mistakes in administration of remedial measure. [5-7]
इति व्याधितरूपाधिकारे व्याधितरूपसङ्ख्याग्रसम्भवं व्याधितरूपहेतुविप्रतिपत्तौ कारणं सापवादं सम्प्रतिपत्तिकारणं चानपवादं निशम्य, भगवन्तमात्रेयमग्निवेशोऽतः परंसर्वक्रिमीणां पुरीष संश्रयाणां समुत्थानस्थानसंस्थानवर्णनामप्रभावचिकित्सितविशेषान्पपच्छोपसङ्गृह्य पादौ ||८||
इति व्याधितरूपाधिकारे व्याधितरूपसङ्ख्याग्रसम्भवं व्याधितरूपहेतुविप्रतिपत्तौ कारणं सापवादं सम्प्रतिपत्तिकारणं चानपवादं निशम्य, भगवन्तमात्रेयमग्निवेशोऽतः परंसर्वक्रिमीणां पुरीष संश्रयाणां समुत्थानस्थानसंस्थानवर्णनामप्रभावचिकित्सितविशेषान्पपच्छोपसङ्गृह्य पादौ ||८||
iti vyādhitarūpādhikārē vyādhitarūpasaṅkhyāgrasambhavaṁ vyādhitarūpahētuvipratipattau kāraṇaṁsāpavādaṁ sampratipattikāraṇaṁ cānapavādaṁ niśamya, bhagavantamātrēyamagnivēśō'taḥ paraṁsarvakrimīṇāṁ purīṣasaṁśrayāṇāṁ samutthānasthānasaṁsthānavarṇanāmaprabhāvacikitsitaviśēṣānpapracchōpasaṅgr̥hya pādau||8||
iti vyādhitarūpādhikārē vyādhitarūpasaṅkhyāgrasambhavaṁ vyādhitarūpahētuvipratipattau kāraṇaṁsāpavādaṁ sampratipattikāraṇaṁ cānapavādaṁ niśamya, bhagavantamātrēyamagnivēśō'taḥ paraṁsarvakrimīṇāṁ purīṣasaṁśrayāṇāṁ samutthānasthānasaṁsthānavarṇanāmaprabhāvacikitsitaviśēṣānpapracchōpasaṅgr̥hya pādau||8||
iti vyAdhitarUpAdhikAre vyAdhitarUpasa~gkhyAgrasambhavaM vyAdhitarUpahetuvipratipattau kAraNaM sApavAdaM sampratipattikAraNaM cAnapavAdaM nishamya, bhagavantamAtreyamagnivesho~ataH paraM sarvakrimINAM purIShasaMshrayANAM samutthAnasthAnasaMsthAnavarNanAmaprabhAvacikitsitavisheShAn papacchopasa~ggRuhya pAdau ||8||
iti vyAdhitarUpAdhikAre vyAdhitarUpasa~gkhyAgrasambhavaM vyAdhitarUpahetuvipratipattau kAraNaM sApavAdaM sampratipattikAraNaM cAnapavAdaM nishamya, bhagavantamAtreyamagnivesho~ataH paraM sarvakrimINAM purIShasaMshrayANAM samutthAnasthAnasaMsthAnavarNanAmaprabhAvacikitsitavisheShAn papacchopasa~ggRuhya pAdau ||8||
After the proper knowledge regarding the classification of patients on the basis of their psychological and physical strength and its consequences in proper diagnosis & treatment resulting in success or failure of physician, bowing on the feet of worshipful Atreya, Agnivesh put query about all parasites inhabiting in the purisha (feces) of persons in respect of their aetiology, habitat, morphological varieties, colour, nomenclature, pathogenesis and treatment.[8]
After the proper knowledge regarding the classification of patients on the basis of their psychological and physical strength and its consequences in proper diagnosis & treatment resulting in success or failure of physician, bowing on the feet of worshipful Atreya, Agnivesh put query about all parasites inhabiting in the purisha (feces) of persons in respect of their aetiology, habitat, morphological varieties, colour, nomenclature, pathogenesis and treatment.[8]
Types of krimi:
==== Types of krimi ====
अथास्मै प्रोवाच भगवानात्रेयः- इह खल्वग्निवेश! विंशतिविधाः क्रिमयः पूर्वमुद्दिष्टा नानाविधेन प्रविभागेनान्यत्र सहजेभ्यः; ते पुनः प्रकृतिभिर्विभज्यमानाश्चतुर्विधा भवन्ति; तद्यथा- पुरीषजाः, श्लेष्मजाः, शोणितजा, मलजाश्चेति ||९||
अथास्मै प्रोवाच भगवानात्रेयः- इह खल्वग्निवेश! विंशतिविधाः क्रिमयः पूर्वमुद्दिष्टा नानाविधेन प्रविभागेनान्यत्र सहजेभ्यः; ते पुनः प्रकृतिभिर्विभज्यमानाश्चतुर्विधा भवन्ति; तद्यथा- पुरीषजाः, श्लेष्मजाः, शोणितजा, मलजाश्चेति ||९||
athāsmai prōvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ- iha khalvagnivēśa! viṁśatividhāḥ krimayaḥ pūrvamuddiṣṭānānāvidhēna pravibhāgēnānyatra sahajēbhyaḥ; tē punaḥ prakr̥tibhirvibhajyamānāścaturvidhā bhavanti;tadyathā- purīṣajāḥ, ślēṣmajāḥ, śōṇitajā, malajāścēti||9||
athāsmai prōvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ- iha khalvagnivēśa! viṁśatividhāḥ krimayaḥ pūrvamuddiṣṭānānāvidhēna pravibhāgēnānyatra sahajēbhyaḥ; tē punaḥ prakr̥tibhirvibhajyamānāścaturvidhā bhavanti;tadyathā- purīṣajāḥ, ślēṣmajāḥ, śōṇitajā, malajāścēti||9||
athAsmai provAca bhagavAnAtreyaH- iha khalvagnivesha! viMshatividhAH krimayaH pUrvamuddiShTA nAnAvidhena pravibhAgenAnyatra sahajebhyaH; te punaH prakRutibhirvibhajyamAnAshcaturvidhA bhavanti; tadyathA- purIShajAH, shleShmajAH, shoNitajA, malajAshceti ||9||
athAsmai provAca bhagavAnAtreyaH- iha khalvagnivesha! viMshatividhAH krimayaH pUrvamuddiShTA nAnAvidhena pravibhAgenAnyatra sahajebhyaH; te punaH prakRutibhirvibhajyamAnAshcaturvidhA bhavanti; tadyathA- purIShajAH, shleShmajAH, shoNitajA, malajAshceti ||9||
Malaja krimi [parasites originating from excreta]:
Lord Atreya replied to him—O Agnivesha! Twenty types of pathogenic parasites have been mentioned here from various points of view, the non-pathogenic are other ones described elsewhere. They, being divided as per their source of genesis, are of four types-developing in faeces, in mucus, in blood and developing from external excreta.[9]
==== Malaja krimi [parasites originating from excreta] ====
तत्र मलो बाह्यश्चाभ्यन्तरश्च | तत्र बाह्यमलजातान्मलजान्सञ्चक्ष्महे | तेषांसमुत्थानं- मृजावर्जनं ; स्थानं- केशश्मश्रुलोमपक्ष्मवासांसि ; संस्थानम्- अणवस्तिलाकृतयो बहुपादाश्च ; वर्णः- कृष्णः, शुक्लश्च; नामानि- यूकाः, पिपीलिकाश्च; प्रभावः- कण्डूजननं, कोठपिडकाभिनिर्वर्तनं च; चिकित्सितं तु खल्वेषामपकर्षणं, मलोपघातः, मलकराणां चभावानामनुपसेवनमिति ||१०||
तत्र मलो बाह्यश्चाभ्यन्तरश्च | तत्र बाह्यमलजातान्मलजान्सञ्चक्ष्महे | तेषांसमुत्थानं- मृजावर्जनं ; स्थानं- केशश्मश्रुलोमपक्ष्मवासांसि ; संस्थानम्- अणवस्तिलाकृतयो बहुपादाश्च ; वर्णः- कृष्णः, शुक्लश्च; नामानि- यूकाः, पिपीलिकाश्च; प्रभावः- कण्डूजननं, कोठपिडकाभिनिर्वर्तनं च; चिकित्सितं तु खल्वेषामपकर्षणं, मलोपघातः, मलकराणां चभावानामनुपसेवनमिति ||१०||
tatra malō bāhyaścābhyantaraśca|
tatra malō bāhyaścābhyantaraśca|
tatra bāhyamalajātān malajān sañcakṣmahē |
tatra bāhyamalajātān malajān sañcakṣmahē |
tēṣāṁ samutthānaṁ- mr̥jāvarjanaṁ; sthānaṁ- kēśaśmaśrulōmapakṣmavāsāṁsi; saṁsthānam-aṇavastilākr̥tayō bahupādāśca; varṇaḥ- kr̥ṣṇaḥ, śuklaśca; nāmāni- yūkāḥ, pipīlikāśca; prabhāvaḥ-kaṇḍūjananaṁ, kōṭhapiḍakābhinirvartanaṁ ca; cikitsitaṁ tu khalvēṣāmapakarṣaṇaṁ, malōpaghātaḥ,malakarāṇāṁ ca bhāvānāmanupasēvanamiti||10||
tēṣāṁ samutthānaṁ- mr̥jāvarjanaṁ; sthānaṁ- kēśaśmaśrulōmapakṣmavāsāṁsi; saṁsthānam-aṇavastilākr̥tayō bahupādāśca; varṇaḥ- kr̥ṣṇaḥ, śuklaśca; nāmāni- yūkāḥ, pipīlikāśca; prabhāvaḥ-kaṇḍūjananaṁ, kōṭhapiḍakābhinirvartanaṁ ca; cikitsitaṁ tu khalvēṣāmapakarṣaṇaṁ, malōpaghātaḥ,malakarāṇāṁ ca bhāvānāmanupasēvanamiti||10||
tatra malo bAhyashcAbhyantarashca | tatra bAhyamalajAtAn malajAn sa~jcakShmahe | teShAM samutthAnaM- mRujAvarjanaM; sthAnaM- keshashmashrulomapakShmavAsAMsi; saMsthAnam- aNavastilAkRutayo bahupAdAshca; varNaH- kRuShNaH, shuklashca; nAmAni- yUkAH, pipIlikAshca; prabhAvaH- kaNDUjananaM, koThapiDakAbhinirvartanaM ca; cikitsitaM tu khalveShAmapakarShaNaM, malopaghAtaH, malakarANAM ca bhAvAnAmanupasevanamiti ||10||
tatra malo bAhyashcAbhyantarashca | tatra bAhyamalajAtAn malajAn sa~jcakShmahe | teShAM samutthAnaM- mRujAvarjanaM; sthAnaM- keshashmashrulomapakShmavAsAMsi; saMsthAnam- aNavastilAkRutayo bahupAdAshca; varNaH- kRuShNaH, shuklashca; nAmAni- yUkAH, pipIlikAshca; prabhAvaH- kaNDUjananaM, koThapiDakAbhinirvartanaM ca; cikitsitaM tu khalveShAmapakarShaNaM, malopaghAtaH, malakarANAM ca bhAvAnAmanupasevanamiti ||10||
Excreta are of two types-external and internal. Here the word malaja means parasites growing due to external excreta. Their aetiological factor is lack of cleanliness of the body.
Excreta are of two types-external and internal. Here the word malaja means parasites growing due to external excreta. Their aetiological factor is lack of cleanliness of the body.
Their habitat are -hair, beard, moustaches, body hair, eyelashes and clothings.
Their habitat are -hair, beard, moustaches, body hair, eyelashes and clothings.
Their names can be- yuka (lice), Pipilika(liksha-nit).
Their names can be- yuka (lice), Pipilika(liksha-nit).
Their symptoms can be - itching, urticarial patches and papules.
Their symptoms can be - itching, urticarial patches and papules.
Their treatment is - extraction, removal of external excreta from the body and to avoid the factors which are responsible for production of excreta. (10)
Their treatment is - extraction, removal of external excreta from the body and to avoid the factors which are responsible for production of excreta. [10]
Shonitaja krimi [parasites in blood]:
==== Shonitaja krimi [parasites in blood] ====
शोणितजानां तु खलु कुष्ठैः समानं समुत्थानं ; स्थानं- रक्तवाहिन्यो धमन्यः; संस्थानम्- अणवो वृत्ताश्चापादाश्च, सूक्ष्मत्वाच्चैके भवन्त्यदृश्याः; वर्णः- ताम्रः; नामानि- केशादा, लोमादा, लोमद्वीपाः, सौरसा, औडुम्बरा, जन्तुमातरश्चेति; प्रभावः- केशश्मश्रुनखलोमपक्ष्मापध्वंसः, व्रणगतानां च हर्षकण्डूतोदसंसर्पणानि, अतिवृद्धानां च त्वक्सिरास्नायुमांसतरुणास्थिभक्षणमिति; चिकित्सितमप्येषां कुष्ठैः समानं, तदुत्तरकालमुपदेक्ष्यामः ||११||
शोणितजानां तु खलु कुष्ठैः समानं समुत्थानं ; स्थानं- रक्तवाहिन्यो धमन्यः; संस्थानम्- अणवो वृत्ताश्चापादाश्च, सूक्ष्मत्वाच्चैके भवन्त्यदृश्याः; वर्णः- ताम्रः; नामानि- केशादा, लोमादा, लोमद्वीपाः, सौरसा, औडुम्बरा, जन्तुमातरश्चेति; प्रभावः- केशश्मश्रुनखलोमपक्ष्मापध्वंसः, व्रणगतानां च हर्षकण्डूतोदसंसर्पणानि, अतिवृद्धानां च त्वक्सिरास्नायुमांसतरुणास्थिभक्षणमिति; चिकित्सितमप्येषां कुष्ठैः समानं, तदुत्तरकालमुपदेक्ष्यामः ||११||
śōṇitajānāṁ tu khalu kuṣṭhaiḥ samānaṁ samutthānaṁ; sthānaṁ- raktavāhinyō dhamanyaḥ; saṁsthānam-aṇavō vr̥ttāścāpādāśca, sūkṣmatvāccaikē bhavantyadr̥śyāḥ; varṇaḥ- tāmraḥ; nāmāni- kēśādā, lōmādā,lōmadvīpāḥ, saurasā, auḍumbarā, jantumātaraścēti; prabhāvaḥ-kēśaśmaśrunakhalōmapakṣmāpadhvaṁsaḥ, vraṇagatānāṁ ca harṣakaṇḍūtōdasaṁsarpaṇāni,ativr̥ddhānāṁ ca tvaksirāsnāyumāṁsataruṇāsthibhakṣaṇamiti; cikitsitamapyēṣāṁ kuṣṭhaiḥ samānaṁ,taduttarakālamupadēkṣyāmaḥ||11||
śōṇitajānāṁ tu khalu kuṣṭhaiḥ samānaṁ samutthānaṁ; sthānaṁ- raktavāhinyō dhamanyaḥ; saṁsthānam-aṇavō vr̥ttāścāpādāśca, sūkṣmatvāccaikē bhavantyadr̥śyāḥ; varṇaḥ- tāmraḥ; nāmāni- kēśādā, lōmādā,lōmadvīpāḥ, saurasā, auḍumbarā, jantumātaraścēti; prabhāvaḥ-kēśaśmaśrunakhalōmapakṣmāpadhvaṁsaḥ, vraṇagatānāṁ ca harṣakaṇḍūtōdasaṁsarpaṇāni,ativr̥ddhānāṁ ca tvaksirāsnāyumāṁsataruṇāsthibhakṣaṇamiti; cikitsitamapyēṣāṁ kuṣṭhaiḥ samānaṁ,taduttarakālamupadēkṣyāmaḥ||11||
shoNitajAnAM tu khalu kuShThaiH samAnaM samutthAnaM; sthAnaM- raktavAhinyo dhamanyaH; saMsthAnam- aNavo vRuttAshcApAdAshca, sUkShmatvAccaike bhavantyadRushyAH; varNaH- tAmraH; nAmAni- keshAdA, lomAdA, lomadvIpAH, saurasA, auDumbarA, jantumAtarashceti; prabhAvaH- keshashmashrunakhalomapakShmApadhvaMsaH, vraNagatAnAM ca harShakaNDUtodasaMsarpaNAni, ativRuddhAnAM ca tvaksirAsnAyumAMsataruNAsthibhakShaNamiti; cikitsitamapyeShAM kuShThaiH samAnaM, taduttarakAlamupadekShyAmaH ||11||
shoNitajAnAM tu khalu kuShThaiH samAnaM samutthAnaM; sthAnaM- raktavAhinyo dhamanyaH; saMsthAnam- aNavo vRuttAshcApAdAshca, sUkShmatvAccaike bhavantyadRushyAH; varNaH- tAmraH; nAmAni- keshAdA, lomAdA, lomadvIpAH, saurasA, auDumbarA, jantumAtarashceti; prabhAvaH- keshashmashrunakhalomapakShmApadhvaMsaH, vraNagatAnAM ca harShakaNDUtodasaMsarpaNAni, ativRuddhAnAM ca tvaksirAsnAyumAMsataruNAsthibhakShaNamiti; cikitsitamapyeShAM kuShThaiH samAnaM, taduttarakAlamupadekShyAmaH ||11||
Etiological factors for raktaja (growing due to the vitiation of blood) krimi are similar to that of kushtha;
Etiological factors for raktaja (growing due to the vitiation of blood) krimi are similar to that of kushtha;
Their habitat is- blood vessels;
Their habitat is- blood vessels;
Their names can be – keshada (destructing hair), lomada (destructing body hair), lomadwipa (residing in hair follicles of body), saurasa(insect infesting cartilages), audumbara(which appear like clusters of ficus racemosa/cluster fig tree) and jantumatarah(a kind of fly which produces worms);
Their names can be – keshada (destructing hair), lomada (destructing body hair), lomadwipa (residing in hair follicles of body), saurasa(insect infesting cartilages), audumbara(which appear like clusters of ficus racemosa/cluster fig tree) and jantumatarah(a kind of fly which produces worms);
they may produce pathogenesis like-falling of hair, beard and moustache, nails, body hair, eyelashes, when they infect a wound - (they cause) oversensitivity, itching, piercing pain and creeping sensation, when they are excessively grown - they eat away skin, blood vessels, ligaments, muscles and cartilage.
they may produce pathogenesis like-falling of hair, beard and moustache, nails, body hair, eyelashes, when they infect a wound - (they cause) oversensitivity, itching, piercing pain and creeping sensation, when they are excessively grown - they eat away skin, blood vessels, ligaments, muscles and cartilage.
Their treatment is also similar to that for kushtha (variety of skin disorders) which will be described later on (in the chapter of kushtha). (11)
Their treatment is also similar to that for kushtha (variety of skin disorders) which will be described later on (in the chapter of kushtha). [11]
Shleshmaja krimi [parasites in mucus and other fluids]:
Shleshmaja krimi [parasites in mucus and other fluids]:
श्लेष्मजाः क्षीरगुडतिलमत्स्यानूपमांसपिष्टान्नपरमान्नकुसुम्भस्नेहाजीर्णपूतिक्लिन्नसङ्कीर्णवि -रुद्धा सात्म्यभोजनसमुत्थानाः; तेषामामाशयः स्थानं, ते प्रवर्धमानास्तूर्ध्वमधो वा विसर्पन्त्युभयतोवा; संस्थानवर्णविशेषास्तु- श्वेताः पृथुब्रध्नसंस्थानाः केचित्, केचिद्वृत्तपरिणाहा गण्डूपदाकृतयः श्वेतास्ताम्रावभासाश्च, केचिदणवो दीर्घास्तन्त्वाकृतयः श्वेताः; तेषां त्रिविधानां श्लेष्मनिमित्तानां क्रिमीणां नामानि- अन्त्रादाः, उदरादाः, हृदयचराः , चुरवः, दर्भपुष्पाः, सौगन्धिकाः, महागुदाश्चेति; प्रभावो- हृल्लासः, आस्यसंस्रवणम्, अरोचकाविपाकौ, ज्वरः, मूर्च्छा, जृम्भा, क्षवथुः, आनाहः, अङ्गमर्दः, छर्दिः कार्श्यं, पारुष्यं, चेति ||१२||
श्लेष्मजाः क्षीरगुडतिलमत्स्यानूपमांसपिष्टान्नपरमान्नकुसुम्भस्नेहाजीर्णपूतिक्लिन्नसङ्कीर्णवि -रुद्धा सात्म्यभोजनसमुत्थानाः; तेषामामाशयः स्थानं, ते प्रवर्धमानास्तूर्ध्वमधो वा विसर्पन्त्युभयतोवा; संस्थानवर्णविशेषास्तु- श्वेताः पृथुब्रध्नसंस्थानाः केचित्, केचिद्वृत्तपरिणाहा गण्डूपदाकृतयः श्वेतास्ताम्रावभासाश्च, केचिदणवो दीर्घास्तन्त्वाकृतयः श्वेताः; तेषां त्रिविधानां श्लेष्मनिमित्तानां क्रिमीणां नामानि- अन्त्रादाः, उदरादाः, हृदयचराः , चुरवः, दर्भपुष्पाः, सौगन्धिकाः, महागुदाश्चेति; प्रभावो- हृल्लासः, आस्यसंस्रवणम्, अरोचकाविपाकौ, ज्वरः, मूर्च्छा, जृम्भा, क्षवथुः, आनाहः, अङ्गमर्दः, छर्दिः कार्श्यं, पारुष्यं, चेति ||१२||