Vyayama - Revision history

Agnivesha at 09:08, 24 February 2024

2024-02-24T09:08:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:08, 24 February 2024
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	\|data2 = Anupama Krishnan<sup>1</sup>,<br/>Blessymol EV <sup>2</sup>		\|data2 = Anupama Krishnan<sup>1</sup>,<br/>Blessymol EV <sup>2</sup>
	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>4</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>4</sup>
	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations
	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup>Associate Professor, Department of Swasthavritta, VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Kerala, India <br/><sup>2</sup>Medical Content Writer,Smriti Meditation Practioner <br/><sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup>Associate Professor, Department of Swasthavritta, VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Kerala, India <br/><sup>2</sup>Medical Content Writer,Smriti Meditation Practioner <br/><sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

Agnivesha: /* Complications of ativyayama */

2023-01-30T09:16:09Z

Complications of ativyayama

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 30 January 2023
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	== Complications of ativyayama ==		== Complications of ativyayama ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Excessive thirst (thrishna), emaciation (kshaya), dyspnoea with [[Jwara\|fever]] and fainting (pratamaka), [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]], fatigue (shrama), lethargy (klama), severe cough ([[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa]]), [[Jwara\|fever (jwara)]], and [[Chardi Chikitsa\|vomiting (chardi)]] are caused due to excess vyayama. [A.H.Sutra Sthana 2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana 3/364]. <br/>Other health issues, in which over-exertion is the patho-physiological factor are [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa\|hiccups (hikka shwasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 50/3-4; Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/11; M.Ni 12/1-2], especially that develop soon after food intake (kshudra hikka) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/34]; [[Kasa Chikitsa\|cough (kasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/4, M.Ni 11/1; A.H.Sutra Sthana 2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana 3/64-65], [[Pandu Chikitsa\|anaemia (pandu)]] [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/8; M.Ni 8/2], obstructive jaundice (shakhashrita [[Kamala\|kamala]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 16/125], [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]] [A.S.Sutra Sthana-3/64-65; Ma.Ni 9/1], chest infections including tuberculosis ([[Rajayakshma Chikitsa\|rajayakshma]]) [Ma.Ni 10/14], emaciation ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]]) [Ma.Ni 10/19], neurological and musculo-skeletal disorders ([[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa\|vatavyadhi]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/16-19; M. Ni 22/2], arthritis ([[Vatarakta Chikitsa\|vatarakta]]) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-1/40-41], dysuria (mutrakrichra) [M.Ni 30/1; Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/32], burning sensation while urinating (ushnavata) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 58/22-23; M.Ni- 31/25], obstructed blood vessels (siragranthi) [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 11/8; A.H.Uttara Sthana 29/10; A.S.Uttara Sthana 34/11; M.Ni. 38/16], chest injury without external trauma (urakshata) [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 6/4), abdominal colic (shula roga) [Ma.Ni 26/2), suppuration of intestinal organs (antravidradhi) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-9/16], headache over one side (ardhavabhedaka) [M.Ni60/11], polyp in female reproductive organ (yonikanda) [Ma.Ni. 63/1], internal lumps due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vataja [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 3/6], haemorrhoids due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika arsha) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/13; Ma. Ni. 3/34; 5/4) and [[Pitta\|pitta]] (pitta dominant arsha) [Madhava Nidana-5/5], cardiac disease due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant hridroga) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 17/30; Cha.Sa. [[~~Chikita~~ Sthana]] 26/77], diarrhoea due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika atisara) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/5], vomiting due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant cchardi) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/7], appearance of lipid in urine (vasa meha) [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 4/36]. Ativyayama causes trauma in the thoracic region and it will result in traumatic cough (kshataja kasa). [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/11] <br/>By over exertion, the end-product of digestion/chyle ([[Rasa dhatu\|rasa dhatu]]) dries up and reduces its quality. Thus the person will become lean. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/33] </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Excessive thirst (thrishna), emaciation (kshaya), dyspnoea with [[Jwara\|fever]] and fainting (pratamaka), [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]], fatigue (shrama), lethargy (klama), severe cough ([[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa]]), [[Jwara\|fever (jwara)]], and [[Chardi Chikitsa\|vomiting (chardi)]] are caused due to excess vyayama. [A.H.Sutra Sthana 2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana 3/364]. <br/>Other health issues, in which over-exertion is the patho-physiological factor are [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa\|hiccups (hikka shwasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 50/3-4; Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/11; M.Ni 12/1-2], especially that develop soon after food intake (kshudra hikka) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/34]; [[Kasa Chikitsa\|cough (kasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/4, M.Ni 11/1; A.H.Sutra Sthana 2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana 3/64-65], [[Pandu Chikitsa\|anaemia (pandu)]] [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/8; M.Ni 8/2], obstructive jaundice (shakhashrita [[Kamala\|kamala]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 16/125], [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]] [A.S.Sutra Sthana-3/64-65; Ma.Ni 9/1], chest infections including tuberculosis ([[Rajayakshma Chikitsa\|rajayakshma]]) [Ma.Ni 10/14], emaciation ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]]) [Ma.Ni 10/19], neurological and musculo-skeletal disorders ([[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa\|vatavyadhi]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/16-19; M. Ni 22/2], arthritis ([[Vatarakta Chikitsa\|vatarakta]]) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-1/40-41], dysuria (mutrakrichra) [M.Ni 30/1; Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/32], burning sensation while urinating (ushnavata) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 58/22-23; M.Ni- 31/25], obstructed blood vessels (siragranthi) [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 11/8; A.H.Uttara Sthana 29/10; A.S.Uttara Sthana 34/11; M.Ni. 38/16], chest injury without external trauma (urakshata) [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 6/4), abdominal colic (shula roga) [Ma.Ni 26/2), suppuration of intestinal organs (antravidradhi) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-9/16], headache over one side (ardhavabhedaka) [M.Ni60/11], polyp in female reproductive organ (yonikanda) [Ma.Ni. 63/1], internal lumps due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vataja [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 3/6], haemorrhoids due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika arsha) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/13; Ma. Ni. 3/34; 5/4) and [[Pitta\|pitta]] (pitta dominant arsha) [Madhava Nidana-5/5], cardiac disease due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant hridroga) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 17/30; Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/77], diarrhoea due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika atisara) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/5], vomiting due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant cchardi) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/7], appearance of lipid in urine (vasa meha) [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 4/36]. Ativyayama causes trauma in the thoracic region and it will result in traumatic cough (kshataja kasa). [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/11] <br/>By over exertion, the end-product of digestion/chyle ([[Rasa dhatu\|rasa dhatu]]) dries up and reduces its quality. Thus the person will become lean. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/33] </div>

	== Concept of avyayama ==		== Concept of avyayama ==

Agnivesha: /* Psychological */

2023-01-30T09:15:09Z

Psychological

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 30 January 2023
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	<li>Exhausted by walking, weight lifting, coitus etc. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/35]</li>		<li>Exhausted by walking, weight lifting, coitus etc. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/35]</li>

	=== Psychological===		===Psychological===
	<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Persons who are desirous of increasing [[Sharira\|body]] weight. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/28]</li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Persons who are desirous of increasing [[Sharira\|body]] weight. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/28]</li>
	<li>Those who are angry, sad or scared [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/35]</li></ul></ul>		<li>Those who are angry, sad or scared [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/35]</li></ul></ul>

Agnivesha at 09:14, 30 January 2023

2023-01-30T09:14:17Z

Show changes

Agnivesha at 13:39, 28 January 2023

2023-01-28T13:39:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 28 January 2023
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	\|type=article		\|type=article
	}}		}}
	<~~div~~ style='text-align:justify;'>The Sanskrit word vyayama means specific activity. Generally, it denotes physical exercise which impart strength and firmness. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana-7/31] Vyayama is benificial to healthy and unhealthy individuals, with an added clause of due caution and supervision. Vyayama in healthy people improves and maintains health: whereas, it is preventive as well as therapeutic tool for various [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] (e.g.: lifestyle disorders, joint dislocation etc.). In fact, vyayama is a cost-effective means for a disease-free generation. This chapter describes concept of vyayama and its application in healthcare management.</~~div~~>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The Sanskrit word vyayama means specific activity. Generally, it denotes physical exercise which impart strength and firmness. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana-7/31] Vyayama is benificial to healthy and unhealthy individuals, with an added clause of due caution and supervision. Vyayama in healthy people improves and maintains health: whereas, it is preventive as well as therapeutic tool for various [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] (e.g.: lifestyle disorders, joint dislocation etc.). In fact, vyayama is a cost-effective means for a disease-free generation. This chapter describes concept of vyayama and its application in healthcare management.</p>
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\|title = Contributors		\|title = Contributors

Agnivesha: /* Pathological: */

2023-01-07T11:03:38Z

Pathological:

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 7 January 2023
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	<li>Emaciation (shosha) [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/50-51] </li>		<li>Emaciation (shosha) [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/50-51] </li>
	<li>Lean person (karshya) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-15/33; Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-25/50-51] </li>		<li>Lean person (karshya) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-15/33; Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-25/50-51] </li>
	<li>Disorders of abdomen ([[Udara Chikitsa\|udara]]) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-13/17; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-13/100] Vertigo/ giddiness (bhrama) [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/50-51] </li>		<li>Disorders of abdomen ([[Udara Chikitsa\|udara]]) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-13/17; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-13/100]
			<li>Vertigo/ giddiness (bhrama) [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/50-51] </li>
	<li>[[Visarpa Chikitsa\|Skin eruptions (visarpa)]] [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa sthana-21/115] </li>		<li>[[Visarpa Chikitsa\|Skin eruptions (visarpa)]] [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa sthana-21/115] </li>
	<li>Fractures (bhagna) [A.S.Uttara Sthana-32/38; Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-3/4; 3/25] </li>		<li>Fractures (bhagna) [A.S.Uttara Sthana-32/38; Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-3/4; 3/25] </li>
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	<li>Ear [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] (karna roga) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra-21/3] </li>		<li>Ear [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] (karna roga) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra-21/3] </li>
	<li>Poisoning (vishabadha) [Su.Sa.Kalpa Sthana-6/31] </li>		<li>Poisoning (vishabadha) [Su.Sa.Kalpa Sthana-6/31] </li>
	<li>Acute fever (taruna/nava [[Jwara\|jwara]]) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra- 39/156-157; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-3/138-139]. </li>		<li>Acute fever (taruna/nava [[Jwara\|jwara]]) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra- 39/156-157; Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana-3/138-139]. </li>
	<li>In ulcer (vrana) up to 6 to 7 months [A.S.Sutra Sthana38/41; Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-19/20; Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/39]</li></ul>		<li>In ulcer (vrana) up to 6 to 7 months [A.S.Sutra Sthana38/41; Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 19/20; Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/39]</li></ul>
	Vyayama is forbidden in all above conditions~~, and if this is violated it will agitate the condition or delay wound healing~~. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-23/21]
			Vyayama is forbidden in all above conditions. Vyayama can adversely affect pathologies in these conditions. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-23/21]

	=== Convalescence : ===		=== Convalescence : ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Following treatments like purgation therapy ([[Virechana\|virechana]]) [Sha.Sa.Uttara Khanda-4, p340], oral administration of lipid formulation of drugs (snehapana) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana- 13/63; Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-14/67; A.S.Sutra Sthana-25/31], and [[Swedana\|sudation therapy (swedana)]] [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-14/67; A.S.Sutra Sthana-26/24]; before regaining strength after purificatory therapies ([[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]]) (Su.Sa.Shareera Sthana-8/24]; prior to attaining complete strength after the relief of [[Jwara\|fever]] (jwaramukta) [Cha.Ci-3/332; Su..Ut-39/160; A.S.Ni-2/76], and for 1 year after healing fissure-in-ano (bhagandara) [Su..Ci-8/14] vyayama is contraindicated. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Following treatments like purgation therapy ([[Virechana\|virechana]]) [Sha.Sa.Uttara Khanda-4, p340], oral administration of lipid formulation of drugs (snehapana) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana- 13/63; Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-14/67; A.S.Sutra Sthana-25/31], and [[Swedana\|sudation therapy (swedana)]] [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-14/67; A.S.Sutra Sthana-26/24]; before regaining strength after purificatory therapies ([[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]]) (Su.Sa.Shareera Sthana-8/24]; prior to attaining complete strength after the relief of [[Jwara\|fever]] (jwaramukta) [Cha.Ci-3/332; Su..Ut-39/160; A.S.Ni-2/76], and for 1 year after healing fissure-in-ano (bhagandara) [Su..Ci-8/14] vyayama is contraindicated. </div>

Agnivesha at 20:37, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T20:37:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:37, 4 January 2023
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	== Complications of ativyayama ==		== Complications of ativyayama ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Excessive thirst (thrishna), emaciation (kshaya), dyspnoea with [[Jwara\|fever]] and fainting (pratamaka), [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]], fatigue (shrama), lethargy (klama), severe cough ([[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa]]), [[Jwara\|fever (jwara)]], and [[Chardi Chikitsa\|vomiting (chardi)]] are caused due to excess vyayama. [A.H.Sutra Sthana2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana3/364]. <br/>Other health issues, in which over-exertion is the patho-physiological factor are [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa\|hiccups (hikka shwasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantar 50/3-4; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/11; M.Ni12/1-2], especially that develop soon after food intake (kshudra hikka) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana17/34]; [[Kasa Chikitsa\|cough (kasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/4, M.Ni11/1; A.H.Sutra Sthana 2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana 3/64-65], [[Pandu Chikitsa\|anaemia (pandu)]] [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/8; M.Ni 8/2], obstructive jaundice (shakhashrita kamala) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana16/125], [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]] [A.S.Sutra Sthana-3/64-65; M.Ni 9/1], chest infections including tuberculosis (rajayakshma) [M.Ni 10/14], emaciation (shosha) [M.Ni 10/19], neurological and musculo-skeletal disorders (vatavyadhi) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/16-19; M. Ni 22/2], arthritis (vatarakta) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-1/40-41], dysuria (mutrakrichra) [M.Ni 30/1; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/32], burning sensation while urinating (ushnavata) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 58/22-23; M.Ni- 31/25], obstructed blood vessels (siragranthi) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 11/8; A.H.Uttara Sthana 29/10; A.S.Uttara Sthana 34/11; M.Ni38/16], chest injury without external trauma (urakshata) [Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana- 6/4), abdominal colic (shula roga) [M.Ni 26/2), suppuration of intestinal organs (antravidradhi) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-9/16], headache over one side (ardhavabhedaka) [M.Ni60/11], polyp in female reproductive organ (yonikanda) [Ma..Ni 63/1], internal lumps due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vataja [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma]]) [Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana-3/6], haemorrhoids due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika arsha) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-14/13; M. Ni3/34; 5/4) and [[Pitta\|pitta]] (pitta dominant arsha) [Madhava Nidana-5/5], cardiac disease due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant hridroga) [Cha.Sa. Suta Sthana- 17/30; Cha.Sa.Chikita Sthana- 26/77], diarrhoea due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika atisara) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/5], vomiting due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant cchardi) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana- 20/7], appearance of lipid in urine (vasa meha) [Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana 4/36]. Ativyayama causes trauma in the thoracic region and it will result in traumatic cough (kshataja kasa). [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/11] <br/>By over exertion, the end-product of digestion/chyle (rasa dhatu) dries up and reduces its quality. Thus the person will become lean. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/33] </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Excessive thirst (thrishna), emaciation (kshaya), dyspnoea with [[Jwara\|fever]] and fainting (pratamaka), [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]], fatigue (shrama), lethargy (klama), severe cough ([[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa]]), [[Jwara\|fever (jwara)]], and [[Chardi Chikitsa\|vomiting (chardi)]] are caused due to excess vyayama. [A.H.Sutra Sthana2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana3/364]. <br/>Other health issues, in which over-exertion is the patho-physiological factor are [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa\|hiccups (hikka shwasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantar 50/3-4; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/11; M.Ni12/1-2], especially that develop soon after food intake (kshudra hikka) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana17/34]; [[Kasa Chikitsa\|cough (kasa)]] [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/4, M.Ni11/1; A.H.Sutra Sthana 2/14; A.S.Sutra Sthana 3/64-65], [[Pandu Chikitsa\|anaemia (pandu)]] [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/8; M.Ni 8/2], obstructive jaundice (shakhashrita [[Kamala\|kamala]]) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana16/125], [[Raktapitta\|bleeding disorders (raktapitta)]] [A.S.Sutra Sthana-3/64-65; M.Ni 9/1], chest infections including tuberculosis ([[Rajayakshma Chikitsa\|rajayakshma]]) [M.Ni 10/14], emaciation ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]]) [M.Ni 10/19], neurological and musculo-skeletal disorders ([[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa\|vatavyadhi]]) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/16-19; M. Ni 22/2], arthritis ([[Vatarakta Chikitsa\|vatarakta]]) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-1/40-41], dysuria (mutrakrichra) [M.Ni 30/1; Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/32], burning sensation while urinating (ushnavata) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 58/22-23; M.Ni- 31/25], obstructed blood vessels (siragranthi) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 11/8; A.H.Uttara Sthana 29/10; A.S.Uttara Sthana 34/11; M.Ni38/16], chest injury without external trauma (urakshata) [Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana- 6/4), abdominal colic (shula roga) [M.Ni 26/2), suppuration of intestinal organs (antravidradhi) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana-9/16], headache over one side (ardhavabhedaka) [M.Ni60/11], polyp in female reproductive organ (yonikanda) [Ma..Ni 63/1], internal lumps due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vataja [[Gulma Nidana\|gulma]]) [Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana-3/6], haemorrhoids due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika arsha) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-14/13; M. Ni3/34; 5/4) and [[Pitta\|pitta]] (pitta dominant arsha) [Madhava Nidana-5/5], cardiac disease due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant hridroga) [Cha.Sa. Suta Sthana- 17/30; Cha.Sa.Chikita Sthana- 26/77], diarrhoea due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (vatika atisara) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/5], vomiting due to [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Vata dosha\|vata]] dominant cchardi) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana- 20/7], appearance of lipid in urine (vasa meha) [Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana 4/36]. Ativyayama causes trauma in the thoracic region and it will result in traumatic cough (kshataja kasa). [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 52/11] <br/>By over exertion, the end-product of digestion/chyle ([[Rasa dhatu\|rasa dhatu]]) dries up and reduces its quality. Thus the person will become lean. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/33] </div>

	== Concept of avyayama ==		== Concept of avyayama ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Avyayama is the lack/ reduced physical exertion yielding in aggravation of [[Kapha dosha\|kapha dosha]] [Cha.Sa Nidana Sthana 1/25] and vitiation of channels of transportation of lipids (medovaha srotodushi). [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana -5/16] <br/>The condition is encountered in [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] due to deranged lipids (medoroga) [Ma.Ni 34/1], obesity (atisthaulya) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/4; Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-15/32], obstinate urinary [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] including diabetes ([[Prameha Nidana\|prameha]]) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 6/3], [[Prameha Nidana\|diabetes]] due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (kaphaja prameha) [Cha.Sa Nidana Sthana-4/5], chronic stage of [[Prameha Nidana\|diabetes]] with aggravated [[Vata dosha\|vata]] (madhumeha) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 17/79-80], worm- infestation (krimiroga) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 54/3; M. Ni7/4], oedema due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] ([[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] dominant shopha) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana18/7-8], abdominal disorders due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (kaphaja udara) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/29], hemorrhoids due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (kaphaja arsha) [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/18-19; Ma.Ni 5/7], and a type of erysipelas (granthi visarpa). [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 21/39] </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Avyayama is the lack/ reduced physical exertion yielding in aggravation of [[Kapha dosha\|kapha dosha]] [Cha.Sa Nidana Sthana 1/25] and vitiation of channels of transportation of lipids (medovaha srotodushi). [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana -5/16] <br/>The condition is encountered in [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] due to deranged lipids (medoroga) [Ma.Ni 34/1], obesity (atisthaulya) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/4; Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-15/32], obstinate urinary [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] including diabetes ([[Prameha Nidana\|prameha]]) [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 6/3], [[Prameha Nidana\|diabetes]] due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (kaphaja prameha) [Cha.Sa Nidana Sthana-4/5], chronic stage of [[Prameha Nidana\|diabetes]] with aggravated [[Vata dosha\|vata]] ([[Prameha Chikitsa\|madhumeha]]) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 17/79-80], worm- infestation (krimiroga) [Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 54/3; M. Ni7/4], oedema due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] ([[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] dominant [[Shvayathu Chikitsa\|shopha]]) [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana18/7-8], abdominal disorders due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (kaphaja udara) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/29], hemorrhoids due to [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] (kaphaja arsha) [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/18-19; Ma.Ni 5/7], and a type of erysipelas (granthi visarpa). [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 21/39] </div>

	== Contemporary approach ==		== Contemporary approach ==
	===Difference between physical exercise and vyayama: ===		===Difference between physical exercise and vyayama: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>The WHO definition of physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure<ref name="ref4">WHO. Physical activity [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Dec 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity</ref>. It can be household work, moving from one place to other, lifting an object etc. Exercise is a subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposefully focused on improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness<ref name="ref5">Dasso NA. How is exercise different from physical activity? A concept analysis. Nurs Forum [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Dec 14];54(1):45–52. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nuf.12296</ref>. Vyayama is of three types- physical, verbal or mental, among them only physical exercise is meant for health maintenance, and it must be implemented at right amounts, with due precautions. Mental exertion has a tiring effect and therefore it cannot be considered as a healthy practice.<ref name="ref6">Silva-Júnior FL e, Emanuel P, Sousa J, Silva M, Teixeira S, Oliveira Pires F, et al. Prior Acute Mental Exertion in Exercise and Sport. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Heal. 2016;12(1):94–107.</ref> Vyayama is an anabolic/ constructive activity as per [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], with benefits like ability to perform activities, increased digestion, reduction of unwanted fat deposits, fitness etc. It is recommended to be practiced, along with an adequate lipid diet in moderate quantity, and therefore burn-out is not a goal of vyayama. Hence, it is a conducive physical exertion. There is a clear-cut difference between vyayama, ayasa (exertion) and shrama (fatigue), where the latter two are catabolic in nature, which results in exhaustion and burn-out. Both these are dangerous to health. On the other hand, vyayama should be stopped prior to exhaustion. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>The WHO definition of physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure<ref name="ref4">WHO. Physical activity [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Dec 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity</ref>. It can be household work, moving from one place to other, lifting an object etc. Exercise is a subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposefully focused on improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness<ref name="ref5">Dasso NA. How is exercise different from physical activity? A concept analysis. Nurs Forum [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Dec 14];54(1):45–52. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nuf.12296</ref>. Vyayama is of three types- physical, verbal or mental, among them only physical exercise is meant for health maintenance, and it must be implemented at right amounts, with due precautions. Mental exertion has a tiring effect and therefore it cannot be considered as a healthy practice.<ref name="ref6">Silva-Júnior FL e, Emanuel P, Sousa J, Silva M, Teixeira S, Oliveira Pires F, et al. Prior Acute Mental Exertion in Exercise and Sport. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Heal. 2016;12(1):94–107.</ref> Vyayama is an anabolic/ constructive activity as per [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], with benefits like ability to perform activities, increased digestion, reduction of unwanted fat deposits, fitness etc. It is recommended to be practiced, along with an adequate lipid diet in moderate quantity, and therefore burn-out is not a goal of vyayama. Hence, it is a conducive physical exertion. There is a clear-cut difference between vyayama, ayasa (exertion) and shrama (fatigue), where the latter two are catabolic in nature, which results in exhaustion and burn-out. Both these are dangerous to health. On the other hand, vyayama should be stopped prior to exhaustion. </div>

	=== Types of exercise: ===		=== Types of exercise: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>There are mainly four types of exercises namely:<br/> a) Endurance, strength, balance and flexibility<ref name="ref7">NIH. Four Types of Exercise Can Improve Your Health and Physical Ability \| National Institute on Aging [Internet]. National Institute on Aging NIA. 2021 [cited 2022 Dec 14]. Available from: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/four-types-exercise-can-improve-your-health-and-physical-ability</ref>. Endurance exercises otherwise known as aerobic exercises, improve heart rate and respiratory rate. They help in preventing [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] due to wear and tear. Swimming, dancing, brisk walking etc. are some examples of endurance exercises. Strengthening exercises increase muscle strength, prevent falls and improve [[Sharira\|body]] balance. They include weight training, wall push-ups, lifting the [[Sharira\|body]] weight etc. Balance exercises enhance [[Sharira\|body]] balance and thereby prevent falls (eg: yoga, heel to toe walking). Flexibility exercises are stretching itself.<br/>'''Over-exertion (ativyayama):''' Magnitude and duration of exercise are to be determined prior to designing the schedule considering the physique, age, health status, amount of physical activity etc. In order to gain a fascinating physical appearance in a short period many people, especially celebrities follow unhealthy aggressive exercise protocol. Recent alarming events, of celebrity death in their 40’s and 50’s point towards the illogical unhealthy exercise schedule. <br/>'''Contemporary approach:''' Exercise and work-out has become a part of a popular lifestyle measure in addition of being health promotion tool. Group exercises like dance, zumba etc. are mainly meant for fun gathering methods. Intention of such activities are relaxation, shaping the [[Sharira\|body]], and in most cases, an a lacunae surfaces in an analytical approach in implementing these activities based on the individual’s needs. Additionally, self-exercise/ work-out, using social media is very common which also shares, the same drawback. <br/>'''Personalization of exercise:''' Physique, physical activity, age, dietary intake, etc. of each individual is variable, so exercise must be designed in accordance with the needs of the person. <br/>'''Combined effect of diet and exercise:''' In order to achieve fitness and health, diet restriction or exercise alone is not very beneficial. Combined and wise execution of these two are the key to achieve the expected results<ref name="ref8">Magkos F, Hjorth MF, Astrup A. Diet and exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 ~~[[Prameha Nidana\|~~diabetes]] mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020 Oct;16(10):545-555. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0381-5. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32690918.</ref><ref name="ref9">Johns DJ, Hartmann-Boyce J, Jebb SA, Aveyard P; Behavioural Weight Management Review Group. Diet or exercise interventions vs combined behavioral weight management programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparisons. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Oct;114(10):1557-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.005. PMID: 25257365; PMCID: PMC4180002.</ref>. Vyayama is hence, included in daily regimen (dinacharya) with an optimal magnitude. <br/>'''Role of prajna and prajnaparadha in exercise adherence:''' Awareness regarding one’s health status, bad habits, health behavior (dhi) are the key for initiating action- (dhriti). Both these bring forth enthusiasm and endurance towards exercise (maintenance/ adherence). When the individual lacks enthusiasm (dhriti bhramsha/ prajnaparadha), the adherence to exercise fades. Thus, continuous loop of prajna installation and prajnaparadha installation (relapse) play in cyclical adherence and non-adherence to exercise, which is the core theme behind ‘dushchikitsya atisthoola’ concept. <br/>Fit India Movement: An Indian government initiative aimed at improving the health of citizens by daily exercise. It was launched on the National sports day 2019 (August 29). It includes age appropriate fitness protocol for 5-18 years, 18-65 years and above 65. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>There are mainly four types of exercises namely:<br/> a) Endurance, strength, balance and flexibility<ref name="ref7">NIH. Four Types of Exercise Can Improve Your Health and Physical Ability \| National Institute on Aging [Internet]. National Institute on Aging NIA. 2021 [cited 2022 Dec 14]. Available from: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/four-types-exercise-can-improve-your-health-and-physical-ability</ref>. Endurance exercises otherwise known as aerobic exercises, improve heart rate and respiratory rate. They help in preventing [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] due to wear and tear. Swimming, dancing, brisk walking etc. are some examples of endurance exercises. Strengthening exercises increase muscle strength, prevent falls and improve [[Sharira\|body]] balance. They include weight training, wall push-ups, lifting the [[Sharira\|body]] weight etc. Balance exercises enhance [[Sharira\|body]] balance and thereby prevent falls (eg: yoga, heel to toe walking). Flexibility exercises are stretching itself.<br/>'''Over-exertion (ativyayama):''' Magnitude and duration of exercise are to be determined prior to designing the schedule considering the physique, age, health status, amount of physical activity etc. In order to gain a fascinating physical appearance in a short period many people, especially celebrities follow unhealthy aggressive exercise protocol. Recent alarming events, of celebrity death in their 40’s and 50’s point towards the illogical unhealthy exercise schedule. <br/>'''Contemporary approach:''' Exercise and work-out has become a part of a popular lifestyle measure in addition of being health promotion tool. Group exercises like dance, zumba etc. are mainly meant for fun gathering methods. Intention of such activities are relaxation, shaping the [[Sharira\|body]], and in most cases, an a lacunae surfaces in an analytical approach in implementing these activities based on the individual’s needs. Additionally, self-exercise/ work-out, using social media is very common which also shares, the same drawback. <br/>'''Personalization of exercise:''' Physique, physical activity, age, dietary intake, etc. of each individual is variable, so exercise must be designed in accordance with the needs of the person. <br/>'''Combined effect of diet and exercise:''' In order to achieve fitness and health, diet restriction or exercise alone is not very beneficial. Combined and wise execution of these two are the key to achieve the expected results<ref name="ref8">Magkos F, Hjorth MF, Astrup A. Diet and exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020 Oct;16(10):545-555. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0381-5. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32690918.</ref><ref name="ref9">Johns DJ, Hartmann-Boyce J, Jebb SA, Aveyard P; Behavioural Weight Management Review Group. Diet or exercise interventions vs combined behavioral weight management programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparisons. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Oct;114(10):1557-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.005. PMID: 25257365; PMCID: PMC4180002.</ref>. Vyayama is hence, included in daily regimen (dinacharya) with an optimal magnitude. <br/>'''Role of prajna and prajnaparadha in exercise adherence:''' Awareness regarding one’s health status, bad habits, health behavior (dhi) are the key for initiating action- ([[Dhriti\|dhriti]]). Both these bring forth enthusiasm and endurance towards exercise (maintenance/ adherence). When the individual lacks enthusiasm (dhriti bhramsha/ [[Prajnaparadha\|prajnaparadha]]), the adherence to exercise fades. Thus, continuous loop of prajna installation and [[Prajnaparadha\|prajnaparadha]] installation (relapse) play in cyclical adherence and non-adherence to exercise, which is the core theme behind ‘dushchikitsya atisthoola’ concept. <br/>Fit India Movement: An Indian government initiative aimed at improving the health of citizens by daily exercise. It was launched on the National sports day 2019 (August 29). It includes age appropriate fitness protocol for 5-18 years, 18-65 years and above 65. </div>

	== Current researches ==		== Current researches ==

Agnivesha at 13:33, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T13:33:47Z

Show changes

Agnivesha at 12:20, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T12:20:14Z

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Agnivesha at 11:32, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T11:32:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 4 January 2023
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	== Current researches ==		== Current researches ==
	=== Therapeutic exercise ===		=== Therapeutic exercise ===
	<ul><li>Systematic regular exercise can improve cognitive function and memory. <ref name="ref10">Ptomey LT, Szabo AN, Willis EA, Gorczyca AM, Greene JL, Danon JC, et al. Changes in cognitive function after a 12-week exercise intervention in adults with Down syndrome. Disabil Heal J. 2019;11(3):486–90.</ref>.</li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Systematic regular exercise can improve cognitive function and memory. <ref name="ref10">Ptomey LT, Szabo AN, Willis EA, Gorczyca AM, Greene JL, Danon JC, et al. Changes in cognitive function after a 12-week exercise intervention in adults with Down syndrome. Disabil Heal J. 2019;11(3):486–90.</ref>.</li>
	<li>Exercise can be used as a tool for primary prevention in the past phase (before the onset), secondary prevention (in present cases) and prognosis of heart failure. <ref name="ref11">Cattadori G, Segurini C, Picozzi A, Padeletti L, Anzà C. Exercise and heart failure: an update. ESC Hear Fail. 2018;5(2):222–32.</ref>. </li>		<li>Exercise can be used as a tool for primary prevention in the past phase (before the onset), secondary prevention (in present cases) and prognosis of heart failure. <ref name="ref11">Cattadori G, Segurini C, Picozzi A, Padeletti L, Anzà C. Exercise and heart failure: an update. ESC Hear Fail. 2018;5(2):222–32.</ref>. </li>
	<li>Regular aerobic exercise can decrease the depressive symptoms and thereby the pro-inflammatory IL6. <ref name="ref12">Ventura J, McEwen S, Subotnik K, Hellemann G, Ghadiali M, Rahimdel A, et al. Changes in inflammation are related to depression and amount of aerobic exercise in first episode schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(1):213–6.</ref>. </li>		<li>Regular aerobic exercise can decrease the depressive symptoms and thereby the pro-inflammatory IL6. <ref name="ref12">Ventura J, McEwen S, Subotnik K, Hellemann G, Ghadiali M, Rahimdel A, et al. Changes in inflammation are related to depression and amount of aerobic exercise in first episode schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(1):213–6.</ref>. </li>
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	<li>Aerobic exercise is the best tool for treating Parkinson's disease <ref name="ref18">Alberts JL, Rosenfeldt AB. The Universal Prescription for Parkinson’s Disease: Exercise. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(s1):S21–7.</ref>. </li>		<li>Aerobic exercise is the best tool for treating Parkinson's disease <ref name="ref18">Alberts JL, Rosenfeldt AB. The Universal Prescription for Parkinson’s Disease: Exercise. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(s1):S21–7.</ref>. </li>
	<li>Physical exercise can be used as an alternative to antidepressants in older adults <ref name="ref19">López-Torres Hidalgo J, Aguilar Salmerón L, Boix Gras C, Campos Rosa M, Escobar Rabadán F, Escolano Vizcaíno C, et al. Effectiveness of physical exercise in the treatment of depression in older adults as an alternative to antidepressant drugs in primary care. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):1–7.</ref>.</li></ul>		<li>Physical exercise can be used as an alternative to antidepressants in older adults <ref name="ref19">López-Torres Hidalgo J, Aguilar Salmerón L, Boix Gras C, Campos Rosa M, Escobar Rabadán F, Escolano Vizcaíno C, et al. Effectiveness of physical exercise in the treatment of depression in older adults as an alternative to antidepressant drugs in primary care. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):1–7.</ref>.</li></ul>
			=== Mental exertion ===
			<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Mental exertion is a psychophysiological state caused by sustained and prolonged cognitive activity. The activities/ occupations that demand physical exertion will have a hampering influence by prior mental exertion. <ref name="ref6"/>.</li></ul>
			=== Exercise diet ===
			<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Plant protein can also enhance resting muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Plant protein containing essential amino acids especially leucine facilitates prolonged adaptations to exercise training similar to animal protein. <ref name="ref20"> Kerksick CM, Jagim A, Hagele A, Jäger R. Plant proteins and exercise: What role can plant proteins have in promoting adaptations to exercise? Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1–22. </ref>.</li></ul>

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