Veerya - Revision history

Agnivesha at 19:06, 23 February 2024

2024-02-23T19:06:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:06, 23 February 2024
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	\|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>,<br/>Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>2</sup>,<br/>Joshi Sumedh <sup>3</sup>		\|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>,<br/>Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>2</sup>,<br/>Joshi Sumedh <sup>3</sup>
	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>4</sup>,		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>4</sup>,
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>5</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>5</sup>
	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations
	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Department of Samhita Siddhant, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>3</sup>Department of Dravyaguna, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>4</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>5</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Department of Samhita Siddhant, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>3</sup>Department of Dravyaguna, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>4</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>5</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

Agnivesha: /* Reasons for superiority of veerya: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 40/5] */

2023-02-08T13:12:49Z

Reasons for superiority of veerya: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 40/5]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 8 February 2023
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	<li>Kulaththa (Dolicos biflorus) ([[Kashaya\|kashaya]] rasa) and palandu ([[Katu\|katu]] rasa) also alleviate [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to snigdha veerya.</li>		<li>Kulaththa (Dolicos biflorus) ([[Kashaya\|kashaya]] rasa) and palandu ([[Katu\|katu]] rasa) also alleviate [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to snigdha veerya.</li>
	<li>[[Ikshu\|Ikshu]] (Saccharum officinarum), though has [[Madhura\|madhura]] rasa, increases [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] veerya.</li>		<li>[[Ikshu\|Ikshu]] (Saccharum officinarum), though has [[Madhura\|madhura]] rasa, increases [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] veerya.</li>
	<li>Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum) ([[Tikta\|tikta rasa), matsya ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) increase [[Pitta dosha\|pitta]] due to their ushna veerya.</li>		<li>Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum) ([[Tikta\|tikta]] rasa), matsya ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) increase [[Pitta dosha\|pitta]] due to their ushna veerya.</li>
	<li>Moolaka (Raphanus sativus) ([[Katu\|katu]]) increases [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to its snigdha veerya.</li>		<li>Moolaka (Raphanus sativus) ([[Katu\|katu]]) increases [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to its snigdha veerya.</li>
	<li>Kapiththa (Limonia accidissima) ([[Amla\|amla]] rasa) and madhu ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) alleviate [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to their [[Rukshana\|ruksha]] veerya.</li>		<li>Kapiththa (Limonia accidissima) ([[Amla\|amla]] rasa) and madhu ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) alleviate [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to their [[Rukshana\|ruksha]] veerya.</li>

Agnivesha at 13:00, 8 February 2023

2023-02-08T13:00:14Z

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Agnivesha at 10:46, 8 February 2023

2023-02-08T10:46:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 8 February 2023
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	The assessment of the gurvadi guna as type of veerya can be studied through the effect they depict on the metabolism of [[Sharira\|body]] and body tissues. Qualitative assessment through the means of questionnaires or interviews is more commonly done recently. Amongst the 20 [[Guna\|guna]], snigdha (unctuous) and [[Rukshana\|ruksha (dryness)]] [[Guna\|guna]] are more extensively studied. For instance, sneha guna is assessed by determining the presence of snidghata or oiliness or unctuousness of skin and the contrary for [[Rukshana\|ruksha guna]].<ref name="ref7">Mishra S, Dwivedi RR, Ravishankar B. Conceptual and applied study of Snigdha and Ruksa Guna with special reference to Rasa-raktagata Sneha (hyperlipidemia). Ayu. 2011;32(2):200-206. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.92586</ref> Biochemical parameters like lipid profile are also used to determine the sneha guna in the [[Sharira\|body]]. Similaly the cell line studies are conducted to study the snigdhata in terms of adipocytic and anti-adipocytic activity in herbs like Terminalia belerica.<ref name="ref8">Ruchika Dighekar, Kiran Tawalare, Dr. Pankaj Jogi. A Biochemical Approach to Understand the Concept of Snigdha Guna of Ghee and Ruksha Guna of Terminalia Arjuna on Behaviour of 3T3-L1 Cell Line with Respect to Adipocytic and AntiAdipocytic Activity : In Vitro. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020;6:73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.6.9</ref> The different tools and instruments like glossometer, and sudometer can be used in the assessment of snigdha and [[Rukshana\|ruksha guna]]. The assessment of basic panchabhoutika structure can also help in assessment of guna. The organoleptic assessment can also help in determining the general quality of [[Dravya\|dravya]]. However, there is immense scope for creating more evidence to prove the veerya in gurvadi guna.<ref name="ref9">Guna [Internet]. Charak Samhita. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Guna</ref></p>		The assessment of the gurvadi guna as type of veerya can be studied through the effect they depict on the metabolism of [[Sharira\|body]] and body tissues. Qualitative assessment through the means of questionnaires or interviews is more commonly done recently. Amongst the 20 [[Guna\|guna]], snigdha (unctuous) and [[Rukshana\|ruksha (dryness)]] [[Guna\|guna]] are more extensively studied. For instance, sneha guna is assessed by determining the presence of snidghata or oiliness or unctuousness of skin and the contrary for [[Rukshana\|ruksha guna]].<ref name="ref7">Mishra S, Dwivedi RR, Ravishankar B. Conceptual and applied study of Snigdha and Ruksa Guna with special reference to Rasa-raktagata Sneha (hyperlipidemia). Ayu. 2011;32(2):200-206. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.92586</ref> Biochemical parameters like lipid profile are also used to determine the sneha guna in the [[Sharira\|body]]. Similaly the cell line studies are conducted to study the snigdhata in terms of adipocytic and anti-adipocytic activity in herbs like Terminalia belerica.<ref name="ref8">Ruchika Dighekar, Kiran Tawalare, Dr. Pankaj Jogi. A Biochemical Approach to Understand the Concept of Snigdha Guna of Ghee and Ruksha Guna of Terminalia Arjuna on Behaviour of 3T3-L1 Cell Line with Respect to Adipocytic and AntiAdipocytic Activity : In Vitro. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020;6:73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.6.9</ref> The different tools and instruments like glossometer, and sudometer can be used in the assessment of snigdha and [[Rukshana\|ruksha guna]]. The assessment of basic panchabhoutika structure can also help in assessment of [[Guna\|guna]]. The organoleptic assessment can also help in determining the general quality of [[Dravya\|dravya]]. However, there is immense scope for creating more evidence to prove the veerya in gurvadi guna.<ref name="ref9">Guna [Internet]. Charak Samhita. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Guna</ref></p>

	=== Two main types of veerya (dwividha veerya vaada) ===		=== Two main types of veerya (dwividha veerya vaada) ===
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Most of the scholars accepted two types of veerya (the dwividha veerya vaada). The hot and cold are considered as two main contrasting energies responsible for carrying out various functions in [[Sharira\|body]]. These can be equated to soma and agni i.e. the moon and the sun in the universe. These also represent the concept of Yin and Yang as put forth by traditional Chinese medicine.<ref name="ref10">Fu R, Li J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Martin C. The Yin and Yang of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Medicinal Research Reviews [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 20];41(6):3182–200. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/med.21793</ref> The three [[Dosha\|dosha]] are either considered to [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] ([[Kapha dosha\|kapha]], [[Vata dosha\|vata dosha]]) or ushna ([[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]]) in nature. The approach of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] regarding two types of veerya can be summarised as below:<br/>1. Although all the [[Dravya\|dravya]] are panchabhautika in nature they can either be divided as ushna (hot) or [[Sheeta\|sheeta (cold)]] based on the dominancy of ushna and [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] guna [A.H. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] .9/17, Indu commentary on A.S. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/26] <br/>These can be considered the most suitable types of veerya which can also be equated to karya-karana hetu according to [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]]. These two are best representatives of the dual energy i.e. heat and cold in the universe and hence rightly termed as dwividha veerya.[ A.H. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 9/17] <br/>There are two other types of veerya: kritrima (artificial) and sahaja (inherent) veerya. Shivadas sen quotes the example of the heaviness of black gram (masha) and lightness of green gram (mudga) for inherent veerya (sahaja veerya), while that of lightness of puffed paddy (laja) to explain the aritificial veerya (kritrima veerya). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66 Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/65] </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Most of the scholars accepted two types of veerya (the dwividha veerya vaada). The hot and cold are considered as two main contrasting energies responsible for carrying out various functions in [[Sharira\|body]]. These can be equated to soma and [[Agni\|agni]] i.e. the moon and the sun in the universe. These also represent the concept of Yin and Yang as put forth by traditional Chinese medicine.<ref name="ref10">Fu R, Li J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Martin C. The Yin and Yang of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Medicinal Research Reviews [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 20];41(6):3182–200. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/med.21793</ref> The three [[Dosha\|dosha]] are either considered to [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] ([[Kapha dosha\|kapha]], [[Vata dosha\|vata dosha]]) or ushna ([[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]]) in nature. The approach of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] regarding two types of veerya can be summarised as below:<br/>1. Although all the [[Dravya\|dravya]] are panchabhautika in nature they can either be divided as ushna (hot) or [[Sheeta\|sheeta (cold)]] based on the dominancy of ushna and [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] [[Guna\|guna]] [A.H. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] .9/17, Indu commentary on A.S. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/26] <br/>These can be considered the most suitable types of veerya which can also be equated to karya-karana hetu according to [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]]. These two are best representatives of the dual energy i.e. heat and cold in the universe and hence rightly termed as dwividha veerya.[ A.H. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 9/17] <br/>There are two other types of veerya: kritrima (artificial) and sahaja (inherent) veerya. Shivadas sen quotes the example of the heaviness of black gram ([[Masha\|masha]]) and lightness of green gram (mudga) for inherent veerya (sahaja veerya), while that of lightness of puffed paddy (laja) to explain the aritificial veerya (kritrima veerya). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66 Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/65] </p>

	== Different theories pertaining to concept of veerya (veeryavada) ==		== Different theories pertaining to concept of veerya (veeryavada) ==
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	<li style="font-weight:bold">Action-based potency ([[Karma\|karma]] veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The potency of a [[Dravya\|dravya]] is observed according to its major pharmacotherapeutic actions. [Bhadanta Naagaarjuna in Rasavaisheshika]<ref name="ref11">Nagarjuna B. Bhadanta nagarjuna’s Rasavaisheshika text with English translation by K Raghavan Tirumulpad, Arya Vaidya sala, First Edition. Kozhikode, India: Geetanjali Offset Prints; 2013, Page No. 228</ref> Certain veerya such as emetic (Chhardaneeya veerya), carminative (Anulomana veerya) etc. are described. Fifteen types of Veerya are described by Acharya Nimi.<ref name="ref12">D.S. Lucus, Dravyagunavijnana (Basic principles of Dravyaguna, Vol.I, Chapter Veerya Vijanana, Chaukhambha Vishwa Bharathi, Varanasi, First edition, 2006, page No. 218/455.</ref></span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Action-based potency ([[Karma\|karma]] veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The potency of a [[Dravya\|dravya]] is observed according to its major pharmacotherapeutic actions. [Bhadanta Naagaarjuna in Rasavaisheshika]<ref name="ref11">Nagarjuna B. Bhadanta nagarjuna’s Rasavaisheshika text with English translation by K Raghavan Tirumulpad, Arya Vaidya sala, First Edition. Kozhikode, India: Geetanjali Offset Prints; 2013, Page No. 228</ref> Certain veerya such as emetic (Chhardaneeya veerya), carminative (Anulomana veerya) etc. are described. Fifteen types of Veerya are described by Acharya Nimi.<ref name="ref12">D.S. Lucus, Dravyagunavijnana (Basic principles of Dravyaguna, Vol.I, Chapter Veerya Vijanana, Chaukhambha Vishwa Bharathi, Varanasi, First edition, 2006, page No. 218/455.</ref></span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Quality-based potencies (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The quality based action (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada) is as described above.</span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Quality-based potencies (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The quality based action (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada) is as described above.</span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Substance (dravya veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Veerya is a special power of dravya that is capable of performing actions.[Shivadasa Sen] The ability of [[Rasa\|rasa]], [[Vipaka\|vipaka]], or [[Prabhava\|prabhava]] to perform any action is termed veerya. However, [[Dravya\|dravya]] and veerya are different as veerya resides in [[Dravya\|dravya]]. [Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/64-65]</span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Substance (dravya veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Veerya is a special power of [[Dravya\|dravya]] that is capable of performing actions.[Shivadasa Sen] The ability of [[Rasa\|rasa]], [[Vipaka\|vipaka]], or [[Prabhava\|prabhava]] to perform any action is termed veerya. However, [[Dravya\|dravya]] and veerya are different as veerya resides in [[Dravya\|dravya]]. [Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/64-65]</span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Paribhashika veerya vaada:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The two types and eight types of veerya (dwividha veeryavada and ashtavida veerya vada) are considered under the heading of paribhashika veerya vada. It is mentioned by Charak and Vagbhata.</span></li></ol>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Paribhashika veerya vaada:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The two types and eight types of veerya (dwividha veeryavada and ashtavida veerya vada) are considered under the heading of paribhashika veerya vada. It is mentioned by Charak and Vagbhata.</span></li></ol>

	== Determination of veerya (veerya upalabdhi) ==		== Determination of veerya (veerya upalabdhi) ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>The veerya can be determined by two means: nipatat (immediately after coming in contact with the tongue) and adhivasat (after proper digestion and assimilation in the [[Sharira\|body]]). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66] For example, the potency of meat of animals in marshy area (anupa mamsa) can be determined after porper digestion and metabolism (jatharagnipaaka) i.e. adhivasat. The potency of black pepper (maricha) is determined immediately after it comes in contact with the tongue. Similarly, the hot potency (ushna veerya) of maricha can be determined after the process of digestion when signs like appetite stimulation ([[Deepana\|deepana]]) and burning (daha) are observed. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66] <br/>Veerya can be determined through inference (anumana pramana) and direct perception (pratyaksa pramana). For instance, the cold potency ([[Sheeta\|sheeta]] veerya) of rock salt (saindhava lavana) and hot potency (ushna veerya) of marshy animal’s meat (anupa mamsa) can be determined by inference (anumana pramana). The sharp potency (tikshna veerya) of Rajika (brown mustard) can be determined by olfactory perception (ghrana pariksha) as per direct perception. Similarly, the qualities like sharp (teekshna) and soft (mridu) can be determined through the visual perception and tactile perception ([[Chakshu\|chakshu]] and sparsha pariksha respectively. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66] </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The veerya can be determined by two means: nipatat (immediately after coming in contact with the tongue) and adhivasat (after proper digestion and assimilation in the [[Sharira\|body]]). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66] For example, the potency of meat of animals in marshy area (anupa mamsa) can be determined after porper digestion and metabolism (jatharagnipaaka) i.e. adhivasat. The potency of [[Maricha\|black pepper (maricha)]] is determined immediately after it comes in contact with the tongue. Similarly, the hot potency (ushna veerya) of [[Maricha\|maricha]] can be determined after the process of digestion when signs like appetite stimulation ([[Deepana\|deepana]]) and burning (daha) are observed. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66] <br/>Veerya can be determined through inference ([[Anumana pramana\|anumana pramana]]) and direct perception (pratyaksa pramana). For instance, the cold potency ([[Sheeta\|sheeta]] veerya) of rock salt (saindhava lavana) and hot potency (ushna veerya) of marshy animal’s meat (anupa mamsa) can be determined by inference ([[Anumana pramana\|anumana pramana]]). The sharp potency (tikshna veerya) of Rajika (brown mustard) can be determined by olfactory perception (ghrana pariksha) as per direct perception. Similarly, the qualities like sharp (teekshna) and soft (mridu) can be determined through the visual perception and tactile perception ([[Chakshu\|chakshu]] and [[Sparsha\|sparsha]] pariksha respectively. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 26/66] </p>

	== General rules with exceptions regarding the determination of veerya (veerya nirdhaarana samanya siddhaanta and apavada) ==		== General rules with exceptions regarding the determination of veerya (veerya nirdhaarana samanya siddhaanta and apavada) ==

Agnivesha at 14:08, 7 February 2023

2023-02-07T14:08:34Z

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Agnivesha at 13:31, 7 February 2023

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Agnivesha at 12:13, 7 February 2023

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Agnivesha at 19:44, 6 February 2023

2023-02-06T19:44:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:44, 6 February 2023
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	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Veerya (also spelled as Virya) means potency or active components. The ayurvedic pharmacological principles include five factors, viz. rasa (taste), guna (qualities), veerya (potency), vipaka (post-digestive effect), and prabhava (significant effect). These are commonly known as rasa-panchaka or dravyagat pancha padartha.<ref name="ref1">Bhavamisra, Bhavaprakasha with commentary by Dr Bulusu Sitaram, Mishra-Prakarana, Poorvakhanda, Shloka Number 161, Volume 1, Reprinted 2015, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi Page No. 117</ref> Veerya is one of the crucial factors in constituting the pharmacology of drug. In pharmacology, as per Ayurveda, the word Veerya [SAT Code- F.22] is envisaged as the potential factor of the drug by which it performs specific actions in the body. This broad term is employed to explain lesser or greater potential drug factors concerning different processes and procedures to achieve the desired effect in the body.<ref name="ref2">Available from Veerya A general principle of drug action – Ayusoft. https://ayusoft.ayush.gov.in/veerya-a-general-principle-of-drug-action/ accessed on 31/01/2023</ref></p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Veerya (also spelled as Virya) means potency or active components. The ayurvedic pharmacological principles include five factors, viz. [[Rasa\|rasa (taste)]], guna (qualities), veerya (potency), vipaka (post-digestive effect), and prabhava (significant effect). These are commonly known as rasa-panchaka or dravyagat pancha padartha.<ref name="ref1">Bhavamisra, Bhavaprakasha with commentary by Dr Bulusu Sitaram, Mishra-Prakarana, Poorvakhanda, Shloka Number 161, Volume 1, Reprinted 2015, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi Page No. 117</ref> Veerya is one of the crucial factors in constituting the pharmacology of drug. In pharmacology, as per Ayurveda, the word Veerya [SAT Code- F.22] is envisaged as the potential factor of the drug by which it performs specific actions in the body. This broad term is employed to explain lesser or greater potential drug factors concerning different processes and procedures to achieve the desired effect in the body.<ref name="ref2">Available from Veerya A general principle of drug action – Ayusoft. https://ayusoft.ayush.gov.in/veerya-a-general-principle-of-drug-action/ accessed on 31/01/2023</ref></p>

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
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	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Dravya is classified into two types: rasa pradhana (dominated by rasa) and veerya- pradhana (dominated by veerya). <sup>[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 2/17]</sup> The dietary items (ahara dravya) are considered rasa pradhana, while medicines (aushadha) are deemed to be veerya pradhana. The aushadha are again divided into three types based on veerya, namely mild (mrudu veerya), moderate (madhyama veerya) and sharply acting (teekshna veerya) <sup>[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 2/17]</sup>. This can be summarised in the table given below:		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Dravya is classified into two types: rasa pradhana (dominated by [[Rasa\|rasa]]) and veerya- pradhana (dominated by veerya). <sup>[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 2/17]</sup> The dietary items (ahara dravya) are considered rasa pradhana, while medicines (aushadha) are deemed to be veerya pradhana. The aushadha are again divided into three types based on veerya, namely mild (mrudu veerya), moderate (madhyama veerya) and sharply acting (teekshna veerya) <sup>[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 2/17]</sup>. This can be summarised in the table given below:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 1: Three types of Dravya based on veerya		\|+ Table 1: Three types of Dravya based on veerya
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	\| style="text-align: center;"\| 3.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 3.
	\| Dalhana		\| Dalhana
	\| Karma (action) that cannot be performed by dravya, rasa, guna, or vipaka is veerya. Veerya is activity potential or karyashakti of dravya.		\| Karma (action) that cannot be performed by dravya, [[Rasa\|rasa]], guna, or vipaka is veerya. Veerya is activity potential or karyashakti of dravya.
	\| Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/3		\| Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/3
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"\| 4.		\|rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"\| 4.
	\|rowspan="2"\| Chakrapani		\|rowspan="2"\| Chakrapani
	\| The term veerya is meant for all rasa, guna, vipaka, or prabhava of a dravya		\| The term veerya is meant for all [[Rasa\|rasa]], guna, vipaka, or prabhava of a dravya
	\| Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/64-65		\| Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/64-65
	\|-		\|-
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	<li style="font-weight:bold">Action-based potency (karma veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The potency of a dravya is observed according to its major pharmacotherapeutic actions. [Bhadanta Naagaarjuna in Rasavaisheshika]<ref name="ref11">Nagarjuna B. Bhadanta nagarjuna’s Rasavaisheshika text with English translation by K Raghavan Tirumulpad, Arya Vaidya sala, First Edition. Kozhikode, India: Geetanjali Offset Prints; 2013, Page No. 228</ref> Certain veerya such as emetic (Chhardaneeya veerya), carminative (Anulomana veerya) etc. are described. Fifteen types of Veerya are described by Acharya Nimi.<ref name="ref12">D.S. Lucus, Dravyagunavijnana (Basic principles of Dravyaguna, Vol.I, Chapter Veerya Vijanana, Chaukhambha Vishwa Bharathi, Varanasi, First edition, 2006, page No. 218/455.</ref></span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Action-based potency (karma veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The potency of a dravya is observed according to its major pharmacotherapeutic actions. [Bhadanta Naagaarjuna in Rasavaisheshika]<ref name="ref11">Nagarjuna B. Bhadanta nagarjuna’s Rasavaisheshika text with English translation by K Raghavan Tirumulpad, Arya Vaidya sala, First Edition. Kozhikode, India: Geetanjali Offset Prints; 2013, Page No. 228</ref> Certain veerya such as emetic (Chhardaneeya veerya), carminative (Anulomana veerya) etc. are described. Fifteen types of Veerya are described by Acharya Nimi.<ref name="ref12">D.S. Lucus, Dravyagunavijnana (Basic principles of Dravyaguna, Vol.I, Chapter Veerya Vijanana, Chaukhambha Vishwa Bharathi, Varanasi, First edition, 2006, page No. 218/455.</ref></span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Quality-based potencies (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The quality based action (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada) is as described above.</span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Quality-based potencies (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The quality based action (Guna Veerya Vaada or Shakti Veerya Vaada) is as described above.</span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Substance (dravya veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Veerya is a special power of dravya that is capable of performing actions.[Shivadasa Sen] The ability of rasa, vipaka, or prabhava to perform any action is termed veerya. However, dravya and veerya are different as veerya resides in dravya. [Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/64-65]</span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Substance (dravya veerya vaada):<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Veerya is a special power of dravya that is capable of performing actions.[Shivadasa Sen] The ability of [[Rasa\|rasa]], vipaka, or prabhava to perform any action is termed veerya. However, dravya and veerya are different as veerya resides in dravya. [Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/64-65]</span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Paribhashika veerya vaada:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The two types and eight types of veerya (dwividha veeryavada and ashtavida veerya vada) are considered under the heading of paribhashika veerya vada. It is mentioned by Charak and Vagbhata.</span></li></ol>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Paribhashika veerya vaada:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The two types and eight types of veerya (dwividha veeryavada and ashtavida veerya vada) are considered under the heading of paribhashika veerya vada. It is mentioned by Charak and Vagbhata.</span></li></ol>

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	== General rules with exceptions regarding the determination of veerya (veerya nirdhaarana samanya siddhaanta and apavada) ==		== General rules with exceptions regarding the determination of veerya (veerya nirdhaarana samanya siddhaanta and apavada) ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Ayurveda has termed the general rules regarding the relation and determining veerya of any dravya based on its rasa (taste) and vipaka (post digestive effect). This can be equated to the basis of the panchabhautika constitution of the dravya. However, this rule has a few exceptions due to the variable panchabhautika configuration. More research studies can be carried out to further validate these concepts. <br/>The general rule states that a substance of madhura  rasa (sweet in taste) and madhura  vipaka most commonly possesses  sheeta  veerya. The sour substance (amla) ~~in rasa and vipaka~~ is generally hot (ushna) in veerya. Similarly, dravya with pungent (katu) rasa and vipaka is hot (ushna) in veerya. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/45] <br/>In this category usually by assessing rasa of a dravya (rasa-upadeshena), one can conclude the veerya of that particular dravya. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/46] Thus, the variation in vipaka or veerya of a dravya can result in variation of its karma and guna (properties) despite the quality of rasa. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/46] The following table the general rule and the exception with examples are mentioned as below:		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Ayurveda has termed the general rules regarding the relation and determining veerya of any dravya based on its [[Rasa\|rasa (taste)]] and vipaka (post digestive effect). This can be equated to the basis of the panchabhautika constitution of the dravya. However, this rule has a few exceptions due to the variable panchabhautika configuration. More research studies can be carried out to further validate these concepts. <br/>The general rule states that a substance of madhura  rasa (sweet in taste) and madhura  vipaka most commonly possesses  sheeta  veerya. The sour substance (amla) in [[Rasa\|rasa]] and vipaka is generally hot (ushna) in veerya. Similarly, dravya with pungent (katu) [[Rasa\|rasa]] and vipaka is hot (ushna) in veerya. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/45] <br/>In this category usually by assessing [[Rasa\|rasa]] of a dravya (rasa-upadeshena), one can conclude the veerya of that particular dravya. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/46] Thus, the variation in vipaka or veerya of a dravya can result in variation of its karma and guna (properties) despite the quality of [[Rasa\|rasa]]. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/46] The following table the general rule and the exception with examples are mentioned as below:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 4: Generalised rule for determination of veerya		\|+ Table 4: Generalised rule for determination of veerya
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	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}
	Veerya can lead to the variation in actions (karma) of two dravya having similar rasa or vipaka. It is also observed that in exceptional cases, veerya may not be following rasa.<sup>2</sup> Thus, there are few exceptions to the rules mentioned above, as given in the table below. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/48-49]		Veerya can lead to the variation in actions (karma) of two dravya having similar [[Rasa\|rasa]] or vipaka. It is also observed that in exceptional cases, veerya may not be following [[Rasa\|rasa]].<sup>2</sup> Thus, there are few exceptions to the rules mentioned above, as given in the table below. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/48-49]
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table: Exceptions to generalized rule for determination of veerya		\|+ Table: Exceptions to generalized rule for determination of veerya
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	\|-		\|-
	\| style="text-align:center;"\| 6.		\| style="text-align:center;"\| 6.
	\| Rasa (taste) and Veerya (potency) Nirdharana of an extra pharmacopoeial drug – Bridelia stipularis (l.) Blume<ref name="ref22">Haritha N. et al. Rasa (taste) and Vīrya (potency) Nirdhārana of an Extra pharmacopoeial drug – Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2019;10(6):24-26 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1006118</ref>		\| [[Rasa\|Rasa (taste)]] and Veerya (potency) Nirdharana of an extra pharmacopoeial drug – Bridelia stipularis (l.) Blume<ref name="ref22">Haritha N. et al. Rasa (taste) and Vīrya (potency) Nirdhārana of an Extra pharmacopoeial drug – Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2019;10(6):24-26 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1006118</ref>
	\| Here the Veerya of extra pharmacopoeial drug was assessed using the principle of Exothermic or Endothermic reaction of the drug in distilled water		\| Here the Veerya of extra pharmacopoeial drug was assessed using the principle of Exothermic or Endothermic reaction of the drug in distilled water
	\|-		\|-

Agnivesha: /* Characteristics */

2023-02-06T14:13:32Z

Characteristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 6 February 2023
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	! Reference		! Reference
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="2"\| 1.		\|rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"\| 1.
	\|rowspan="2"\| Charak		\|rowspan="2"\| Charak
	\| Considers chintya (explainable) and achintya (unexplainable) veerya.		\| Considers chintya (explainable) and achintya (unexplainable) veerya.
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	\| Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana.26/65		\| Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana.26/65
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 2.
	\| Sushruta		\| Sushruta
	\| Denoted veerya as the generator of a drug action		\| Denoted veerya as the generator of a drug action
	\| Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/3		\| Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/3
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 3.
	\| Dalhana		\| Dalhana
	\| Karma (action) that cannot be performed by dravya, rasa, guna, or vipaka is veerya. Veerya is activity potential or karyashakti of dravya.		\| Karma (action) that cannot be performed by dravya, rasa, guna, or vipaka is veerya. Veerya is activity potential or karyashakti of dravya.
	\| Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/3		\| Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/3
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="2"\| 4.		\|rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"\| 4.
	\|rowspan="2"\| Chakrapani		\|rowspan="2"\| Chakrapani
	\| The term veerya is meant for all rasa, guna, vipaka, or prabhava of a dravya		\| The term veerya is meant for all rasa, guna, vipaka, or prabhava of a dravya
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	\| Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/5		\| Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/5
	\|-		\|-
	\| 5.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 5.
	\| Arundatta		\| Arundatta
	\| The prominence of ushna guna will lead to development of ushna veerya, while sheeta guna prominence results in sheeta veerya.		\| The prominence of ushna guna will lead to development of ushna veerya, while sheeta guna prominence results in sheeta veerya.
	\| Arundatta on A.H. Sutra Sthana.1/17		\| Arundatta on A.H. Sutra Sthana.1/17
	\|-		\|-
	\| 6.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 6.
	\| Hemadri		\| Hemadri
	\| The digestion and metabolism (kayagnipaka) leads to the development of eight guna, amongst which sheeta and ushna are considered the most dominant termed as ushna and sheeta veerya. It is termed as shakti arising from the transformation of guna.		\| The digestion and metabolism (kayagnipaka) leads to the development of eight guna, amongst which sheeta and ushna are considered the most dominant termed as ushna and sheeta veerya. It is termed as shakti arising from the transformation of guna.
	\| Hemadri on A.H. Sutra Sthana.1/17		\| Hemadri on A.H. Sutra Sthana.1/17
	\|-		\|-
	\| 7.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 7.
	\| Shivdas Sen		\| Shivdas Sen
	\| Veerya is the the most supreme and nectar part (atishaya sara bhaga) of the panchamahabhuta, further dividing it into chintya and achintya.		\| Veerya is the the most supreme and nectar part (atishaya sara bhaga) of the panchamahabhuta, further dividing it into chintya and achintya.
	\| Shivadas Sen on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/5		\| Shivadas Sen on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana.40/5
	\|-		\|-
	\| 8.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 8.
	\| Bhavamishra		\| Bhavamishra
	\| Bhavamishra has clearly differentiated the veerya from prabhava. He quotes the prabhava as shakti of the drug.		\| Bhavamishra has clearly differentiated the veerya from prabhava. He quotes the prabhava as shakti of the drug.
	\| Bhavamisra, Bhavaprakasha with commentary by Dr Bulusu Sitaram, Mishra-Prakarana, Poorvakhanda, Shloka Number 161, Volume 1, Reprinted 2015, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi Page No. 117		\| Bhavamisra, Bhavaprakasha with commentary by Dr Bulusu Sitaram, Mishra-Prakarana, Poorvakhanda, Shloka Number 161, Volume 1, Reprinted 2015, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi Page No. 117
	\|-		\|-
	\| 9.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 9.
	\| Acharya Yadavji Trikamji		\| Acharya Yadavji Trikamji
	\| Interprets veerya as the active principle of the drug.<ref name="ref6">Acharya Yadavaji Trikamji, DravyaGuna Vidnyanam, Poorvardha, Published by Nirnay Sagar Press, Bombay Page no 249-277</ref>		\| Interprets veerya as the active principle of the drug.<ref name="ref6">Acharya Yadavaji Trikamji, DravyaGuna Vidnyanam, Poorvardha, Published by Nirnay Sagar Press, Bombay Page no 249-277</ref>
	\| Acharya Yadavaji Trikamji, DravyaGuna Vidnyanam, Poorvardha,Published by Nirnay Sagar Press, Bombay Page no 249-277		\| Acharya Yadavaji Trikamji, DravyaGuna Vidnyanam, Poorvardha,Published by Nirnay Sagar Press, Bombay Page no 249-277
	\|-		\|-
	\| 10.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 10.
	\| Prof P.V.Sharma		\| Prof P.V.Sharma
	\| The active principle is also a dravya and veerya being a  type of guna cannot be equated with active principle		\| The active principle is also a dravya and veerya being a  type of guna cannot be equated with active principle
	\| PV Sharma, DravyaGuna vijnana, Vol I, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Edition year 2013, Page no 263-278		\| PV Sharma, DravyaGuna vijnana, Vol I, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Edition year 2013, Page no 263-278
	\|-		\|-
	\| 11. 13.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 11. 13.
	\| Prof. C. Dwarkanath		\| Prof. C. Dwarkanath
	\| The term veerya conveys the idea of energy. The energy of a body is its capacity for doing work and the measure of energy is work. Energy may be potential or kinetic,<sup>2</sup> where the sheeta veerya can be considered as potential energy, while ushna veerya as kinetic energy.		\| The term veerya conveys the idea of energy. The energy of a body is its capacity for doing work and the measure of energy is work. Energy may be potential or kinetic,<sup>2</sup> where the sheeta veerya can be considered as potential energy, while ushna veerya as kinetic energy.
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	[[File:Veerya.jpg\|center\|forms of veerya]]		[[File:Veerya.jpg\|center\|forms of veerya]]
	</p>		</p>

	== Types of veerya ==		== Types of veerya ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Charak and Sushruta Samhita mention the eight types (ashtavidha) and two types (dwividha veerya) of veerya. However, emphasis is given on the two types (dwividha veerya) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/64, Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 40/5]. Other types can be considered as chintya-achintya and sahaja-kritama as mentioned in the previous point.</p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Charak and Sushruta Samhita mention the eight types (ashtavidha) and two types (dwividha veerya) of veerya. However, emphasis is given on the two types (dwividha veerya) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/64, Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 40/5]. Other types can be considered as chintya-achintya and sahaja-kritama as mentioned in the previous point.</p>

Agnivesha: /* Types of veerya */

2023-02-06T14:11:54Z

Types of veerya

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 6 February 2023
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	! Systemic effects		! Systemic effects
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 1.
	\| Ushna<br/>(hot)		\| Ushna<br/>(hot)
	\| Vata hara <br/>Kapha hara Pitta vardhaka		\| Vata hara <br/>Kapha hara Pitta vardhaka
	\| Deepana (~appetizer), pachana (~digestive), dahajanana (~causes burning sensation), murchhana (~cause fainting), <br/>swedana (~induce perspiration) , vamanakarak (induce emesis), virechana (~purgative), vilayana (~escharotic), <br/>bhramakaraka (~induce giddiness), trushnajanana (~induce thirst), aashupaaka (~cause quicker digestion and suppuration),  avrushya (~reduces fertile strength)		\| Deepana (~appetizer), pachana (~digestive), dahajanana (~causes burning sensation), murchhana (~cause fainting), <br/>swedana (~induce perspiration) , vamanakarak (induce emesis), virechana (~purgative), vilayana (~escharotic), <br/>bhramakaraka (~induce giddiness), trushnajanana (~induce thirst), aashupaaka (~cause quicker digestion and suppuration),  avrushya (~reduces fertile strength)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 2.
	\| Sheeta<br/>(cold)		\| Sheeta<br/>(cold)
	\| Pitta hara <br/>Vata kapha vardhaka		\| Pitta hara <br/>Vata kapha vardhaka
	\| Prahlaadana (~soothing) , vishyandana (~secretogogue) , sthirikarana (~stabilizer), <br/>kledana (~moistening) , jeevaniya (~enhance life expectancy) , stambhana (~styptic), raktaprasadana (~enhances quality of rakta dhatu), balyam (~giving strength)		\| Prahlaadana (~soothing) , vishyandana (~secretogogue) , sthirikarana (~stabilizer), <br/>kledana (~moistening) , jeevaniya (~enhance life expectancy) , stambhana (~styptic), raktaprasadana (~enhances quality of rakta dhatu), balyam (~giving strength)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 3.
	\| Snigdha<br/>(unctuous)		\| Snigdha<br/>(unctuous)
	\| Vata hara <br/>kapha vardhaka		\| Vata hara <br/>kapha vardhaka
	\| Snehana (~sudation), brimhana (~increases mass) , santarpana (~nourishing), vajikarana (~aphrodisiac), <br/>vayasthaapana (~increase viability)		\| Snehana (~sudation), brimhana (~increases mass) , santarpana (~nourishing), vajikarana (~aphrodisiac), <br/>vayasthaapana (~increase viability)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 4.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 4.
	\| Ruksha<br/>(dryness)		\| Ruksha<br/>(dryness)
	\| Vata vardhaka, <br/>kapha pittahara		\| Vata vardhaka, <br/>kapha pittahara
	\| Samgrahana (~astringent), peedana (~cause obscuration) , virookshana (~causing dryness), ropana (~cause healing)		\| Samgrahana (~astringent), peedana (~cause obscuration) , virookshana (~causing dryness), ropana (~cause healing)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 5.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 5.
	\| Guru<br/>(heaviness)		\| Guru<br/>(heaviness)
	\| Kapha vardhaka vatahara		\| Kapha vardhaka vatahara
	\| Upalepana (~cause act of smearing) , brimhana (~nourishing), balya (~strengthening)		\| Upalepana (~cause act of smearing) , brimhana (~nourishing), balya (~strengthening)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 6.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 6.
	\| Laghu<br/>(lightness)		\| Laghu<br/>(lightness)
	\| Kaphahara vatavardhaka		\| Kaphahara vatavardhaka
	\| Lekhana (~cause scrapping), langhana (~cause lightness), dhatu kshaya (~ destruction of dhatus)		\| Lekhana (~cause scrapping), langhana (~cause lightness), dhatu kshaya (~ destruction of dhatus)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 7.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 7.
	\| Mridu<br/>(softness)		\| Mridu<br/>(softness)
	\| Pittahara		\| Pittahara
	\| Rakta and mamsa prasaadana (enhances the quality of rakta and mamsa dhatu)		\| Rakta and mamsa prasaadana (enhances the quality of rakta and mamsa dhatu)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 8.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 8.
	\| Teeksna<br/>(sharpness)		\| Teeksna<br/>(sharpness)
	\| Kaphahara		\| Kaphahara
	\| Sangraahi (astringent), aachushana (~absorbs unwanted secretions) , avadarana (~cause tearing), stravana (~secretogogue)		\| Sangraahi (astringent), aachushana (~absorbs unwanted secretions) , avadarana (~cause tearing), stravana (~secretogogue)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 9.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 9.
	\| Vishada<br/>(cleansing)		\| Vishada<br/>(cleansing)
	\| Kaphahara		\| Kaphahara
	\| Kledachooshana (~absorbs moisture), virookshana (~cause dryness), uparohana (~cause healing)		\| Kledachooshana (~absorbs moisture), virookshana (~cause dryness), uparohana (~cause healing)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 10.		\| style="text-align: center;"\| 10.
	\| Pichchila<br/>(slimy)		\| Pichchila<br/>(slimy)
	\| Kaphavardhaka		\| Kaphavardhaka

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 8 February 2023
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	<li>Kulaththa (Dolicos biflorus) ([[Kashaya\|kashaya]] rasa) and palandu ([[Katu\|katu]] rasa) also alleviate [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to snigdha veerya.</li>		<li>Kulaththa (Dolicos biflorus) ([[Kashaya\|kashaya]] rasa) and palandu ([[Katu\|katu]] rasa) also alleviate [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to snigdha veerya.</li>
	<li>[[Ikshu\|Ikshu]] (Saccharum officinarum), though has [[Madhura\|madhura]] rasa, increases [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] veerya.</li>		<li>[[Ikshu\|Ikshu]] (Saccharum officinarum), though has [[Madhura\|madhura]] rasa, increases [[Vata dosha\|vata]] due to [[Sheeta\|sheeta]] veerya.</li>
	<li>Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum) ([[Tikta\|tikta rasa), matsya ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) increase [[Pitta dosha\|pitta]] due to their ushna veerya.</li>		<li>Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum) ([[Tikta\|tikta]] rasa), matsya ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) increase [[Pitta dosha\|pitta]] due to their ushna veerya.</li>
	<li>Moolaka (Raphanus sativus) ([[Katu\|katu]]) increases [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to its snigdha veerya.</li>		<li>Moolaka (Raphanus sativus) ([[Katu\|katu]]) increases [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to its snigdha veerya.</li>
	<li>Kapiththa (Limonia accidissima) ([[Amla\|amla]] rasa) and madhu ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) alleviate [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to their [[Rukshana\|ruksha]] veerya.</li>		<li>Kapiththa (Limonia accidissima) ([[Amla\|amla]] rasa) and madhu ([[Madhura\|madhura]]) alleviate [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]] due to their [[Rukshana\|ruksha]] veerya.</li>