Talk:Trivrut - Revision history

Dridhabala at 08:30, 18 August 2025

2025-08-18T08:30:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:30, 18 August 2025
Line 25:		Line 25:
	Indian Jalap, Turpeth, St.Thomas lidpod		Indian Jalap, Turpeth, St.Thomas lidpod

	==Therapeutic uses~~<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96.</ref>~~==		==Therapeutic uses==
	Malabandha (constipation), gulma, udararoga (Generalized enlargement of Abdomen), jwara(fever), pandu(anemia), pleeha, vrana(wound), krumi(worm), kustha(skin disease), kandu(itching)		Malabandha (constipation), gulma, udararoga (Generalized enlargement of Abdomen), jwara(fever), pandu(anemia), pleeha, vrana(wound), krumi(worm), kustha(skin disease), kandu(itching)<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96.</ref>

	==Other Varieties/ Other botanical names==		==Other Varieties/ Other botanical names==
	Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhatt.		Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhatt.

	==Bhavprakasa nighantu<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Guduchyadi Varga, p.384.</ref>==		==Bhavprakasa nighantu==
			Mentioned 2 types<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Guduchyadi Varga, p.384.</ref>
	# Sweta trivrut		# Sweta trivrut
	# Syama trivrut		# Syama trivrut

	==Raja nighantu<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas academy, Varanasi; Pippalyadi Varga, Verse no. 168-169, p.169.</ref>==		==Raja nighantu==
			Mentioned 2 types<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas academy, Varanasi; Pippalyadi Varga, Verse no. 168-169, p.169.</ref>
	# Trivrut		# Trivrut
	# Rakta trivrut		# Rakta trivrut

	==Dhanwantari Nighantu<ref>Acharya Priyavat Sharma, Dhanwantari Nighantu, ed.2008, Chaukhambha Orientalia; Varanasi; Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 236-237, p.59.</ref>==		==Dhanwantari Nighantu==
			Mentioned 2 types<ref>Acharya Priyavat Sharma, Dhanwantari Nighantu, ed.2008, Chaukhambha Orientalia; Varanasi; Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 236-237, p.59.</ref>
	# Shyama Trivrut		# Shyama Trivrut
	# Shukla Bhandi		# Shukla Bhandi
	==Kaiyadeva Nighantu<ref>Prof. Priyavat Sharma, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Reprint. 2009, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Oshadhi Varga – 298, verse no. 1015 - 1019, p. 187-188.</ref>==		==Kaiyadeva Nighantu==
			Mentioned 2 types<ref>Prof. Priyavat Sharma, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Reprint. 2009, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Oshadhi Varga – 298, verse no. 1015 - 1019, p. 187-188.</ref>
	# Trivrut		# Trivrut
	# Shyama		# Shyama
Line 50:		Line 54:
	Trivrut, Tribhandi (trivrut has got triangular stem), Shyama, Kutarana, Sarvanubhuti (useful in many disorder), Suvaha, Shyama, Triputa(stem of trivrut is triangular), Sarala(safe purgative), Nishoth		Trivrut, Tribhandi (trivrut has got triangular stem), Shyama, Kutarana, Sarvanubhuti (useful in many disorder), Suvaha, Shyama, Triputa(stem of trivrut is triangular), Sarala(safe purgative), Nishoth

	==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu~~<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Guduchyadi Varga, p.383, 385.</ref>~~==		==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
	Shveta Trivrut – Tribhandi, Trivruta, Triputa, Sarvanubhuti, Sarala, Nishotri, Rechani		Shveta Trivrut – Tribhandi, Trivruta, Triputa, Sarvanubhuti, Sarala, Nishotri, Rechani
	Shyama Trivrut – Shyama, Trivrut, Ardha chandra, Palindi, Sushenika, Masuravidala, Kali, Kaishika, Kalameshika		Shyama Trivrut – Shyama, Trivrut, Ardha chandra, Palindi, Sushenika, Masuravidala, Kali, Kaishika, Kalameshika<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Guduchyadi Varga, p.383, 385.</ref>

	== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==		== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
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	\|4		\|4
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(25)		\|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(25)
	\|Asthapanopag (helping corrective enema) ~~mahakashay~~		\|Asthapanopag (helping corrective enema) mahakashaya
	\|-		\|-
	\|5		\|5
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	\|16		\|16
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/231		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/231
	\|Used for virechana karma with madhu-sarpi.		\|Used for virechana karma with madhu-sarpi
	\|-		\|-
	\|17		\|17
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/299		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/299
	\|Used in Vishama jwara(fever).		\|Used in Vishama jwara(fever)
	\|-		\|-
	\|18		\|18
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	\|49		\|49
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/85		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/85
	\|As a virechan dravya in pittaja kasa.		\|As a virechan dravya in pittaja kasa
	\|-		\|-
	\|50		\|50
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/121		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/121
	\|As a yoga dravya.		\|As a yoga dravya
	\|-		\|-
	\|51		\|51
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/151		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/151
	\|As a mrudu sodhana dravya.		\|As a mrudu sodhana dravya
	\|-		\|-
	\|52		\|52
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	\|53		\|53
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/64		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/64
	\|For virechana, give along with ghrita/ paya/ ushnodaka.		\|For virechana, give along with ghrita/ paya/ ushnodaka
	\|-		\|-
	\|54		\|54
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/66		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/66
	\|For subsiding visarpa and jvara, give ghrita and trivruta churna along with triphala kwatha for virechana.		\|For subsiding visarpa and jvara, give ghrita and trivruta churna along with triphala kwatha for virechana
	\|-		\|-
	\|55		\|55
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/67		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/67
	\|In guru koshthi patient, give along with Amalaki rasa for virechana.		\|In guru koshthi patient, give along with Amalaki rasa for virechana
	\|-		\|-
	\|56		\|56
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/203		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/203
	\|As an ingredient of Karnika nashaka yoga.		\|As an ingredient of Karnika nashaka yoga
	\|-		\|-
	\|57		\|57
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/241		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/241
	\|As an ingredient of Nagadantyadi ghrita.		\|As an ingredient of Nagadantyadi ghrita
	\|-		\|-
	\|58		\|58
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	\|60		\|60
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/14		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/14
	\|Used in udavarta for pradhamana.		\|Used in udavarta for pradhamana
	\|-		\|-
	\|61		\|61
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
	\|As an ingredient of Udumbaravleha.		\|As an ingredient of Udumbaravleha
	\|-		\|-
	\|62		\|62
	\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/110		\|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/110
	\|Used in the treatment of Udavarta, Vatala, Mahayoni & Strasta.		\|Used in the treatment of Udavarta, Vatala, Mahayoni & Strasta
	\|-		\|-
	\|63		\|63
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	\|}		\|}

	==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96</ref>==		==Dose==
	* 1-3 gm of the drug in powder form		* 1-3 gm of the drug in powder form<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96</ref>

	==Important formulations<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96</ref>==		==Important formulations==
			As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96</ref>
	* Hrudyavirechana leha		* Hrudyavirechana leha
	* Ashwagandharishta		* Ashwagandharishta

Maitreya: Created page with "Operculina turpethum (L.) S. MANSO {{Infobox |title = Trivrut |label1 = Section/Chapter |data1 = Herb database/Trivrut |label2 = Botanical name(s) |data2 = Operculinaturpethu..."

2025-02-19T16:12:58Z

Created page with "Operculina turpethum (L.) S. MANSO {{Infobox |title = Trivrut |label1 = Section/Chapter |data1 = Herb database/Trivrut |label2 = Botanical name(s) |data2 = Operculinaturpethu..."

New page

Operculina turpethum (L.) S. MANSO

{{Infobox
|title = Trivrut
|label1 = Section/Chapter
|data1 = Herb database/Trivrut
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Operculinaturpethum (L.) S. MANSO
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Convolvulaceae
|label4 = Availability
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|label6 = Year of publication
|data6 = 2024
|label7 = Publisher
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI
|data8 = Awaited
}}

==English name ==

Indian Jalap, Turpeth, St.Thomas lidpod

==Therapeutic uses<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96.</ref>==
Malabandha (constipation), gulma, udararoga (Generalized enlargement of Abdomen), jwara(fever), pandu(anemia), pleeha, vrana(wound), krumi(worm), kustha(skin disease), kandu(itching)

==Other Varieties/ Other botanical names==
Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhatt.

==Bhavprakasa nighantu<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Guduchyadi Varga, p.384.</ref>==
# Sweta trivrut
# Syama trivrut

==Raja nighantu<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas academy, Varanasi; Pippalyadi Varga, Verse no. 168-169, p.169.</ref>==
# Trivrut
# Rakta trivrut

==Dhanwantari Nighantu<ref>Acharya Priyavat Sharma, Dhanwantari Nighantu, ed.2008, Chaukhambha Orientalia; Varanasi; Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 236-237, p.59.</ref>==
# Shyama Trivrut
# Shukla Bhandi
==Kaiyadeva Nighantu<ref>Prof. Priyavat Sharma, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Reprint. 2009, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Oshadhi Varga – 298, verse no. 1015 - 1019, p. 187-188.</ref>==
# Trivrut
# Shyama

== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==

Trivrut, Tribhandi (trivrut has got triangular stem), Shyama, Kutarana, Sarvanubhuti (useful in many disorder), Suvaha, Shyama, Triputa(stem of trivrut is triangular), Sarala(safe purgative), Nishoth

==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu<ref>Prof. K.C.Chunekar, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Reprint.2015, Chaukhambha vishvabharti, Guduchyadi Varga, p.383, 385.</ref>==
Shveta Trivrut – Tribhandi, Trivruta, Triputa, Sarvanubhuti, Sarala, Nishotri, Rechani
Shyama Trivrut – Shyama, Trivrut, Ardha chandra, Palindi, Sushenika, Masuravidala, Kali, Kaishika, Kalameshika

== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Bitter (tikta), Pungent (katu)
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[Guna]])|| Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha), Sharp (Tikshana)
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify Kapha and Pitta
|-
| 6 || Extra ordinary effect ([[prabhava]]) || Helps in purgation (virechana)
|}

== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Herbs and their activities
|-
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
|-
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/77, || Mulini (Virechana) (Therapeutic purgation)
|-
|2
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/9
|Churna pradeha(external application)
|-
|'''3'''
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/5
|Used for Lepa as a external application along with other herbs mixed with mustard oil in diseases of skin
|-
|4
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(25)
|Asthapanopag (helping corrective enema) mahakashay
|-
|5
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17
|Dravya for Virechana(purgation)
|-
|6
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/18
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa(treatment of worms)
|-
|7
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/135
|Vaman dravyani(drug for emesis)
|-
|8
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/6
|Shodhanartha(for purification)
|-
|9
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/3-4
|Shodhanartha(for purification)
|-
| 10 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/04 || Trivritta Synonyms
|-
|11
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 8/11
|Aragvadha Yoga
|-
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 8/12|| Aragvadha Avaleha
|-
| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 10/14 || Panaka Yoga
|-
| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]]] 10/15 || Nasya Yoga
|-
| 15 ||Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/209 || Used in Pitta-Kaphaja jwara(fever) with sarkara.
|-
|16
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/231
|Used for virechana karma with madhu-sarpi.
|-
|17
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/299
|Used in Vishama jwara(fever).
|-
|18
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/57
|As a Virechana dravya(drug for purgation)
|-
|19
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/44
|As Virechan dravya(drug for purgation)
|-
|20
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/56
|For Scrapping
|-
|21
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/69
|Ingredient in Triphaladi Churna
|-
|22
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/85
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in mandal Kushth (skin disease)
|-
|23
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/124
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Vata-Kaphaj Kushth(skin disease)
|-
|24
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/153
|Ingredient in Mahakhadir Ghrita
|-
|25
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya Ghrita
|-
|26
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/44
|As a Nasya dravya
|-
|27
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21
|In treatment of Kaphaj Svayathu(swelling)
|-
|28
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24
|In treatment of Vataj Svayathu(swelling)
|-
|29
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
|In treatment of Vataj Svayathu(swelling)
|-
|30
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/69
|Indicated in treatment of pittodara (for virechana)
|-
|31
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/138
|In treatment of udararoga for virechana (Hapushadya churna)
|-
|32
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/120
|As an ingredient of Patoladi churna
|-
|33
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/126
|As an ingredient of narayan churna
|-
|34
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/134
|As an ingredient of hapushdya churna
|-
|35
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/155
|Taila prayoga is Vedanahara in vatodara
|-
|36
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/164
|In formulation of ksharvatika
|-
|37
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/167
|In condition of vibandha(constipation) in udararoga (Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)
|-
|38
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/181
|In sannipatodara (after vishaprayoga)
|-
|39
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/54
|Used as lepa on arsha(hemorrhoids)
|-
|40
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/55
|Used as lepa
|-
|41
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/66
|Use trivrut churna with triphala kwatha
|-
|42
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/122
|Shaka prayoga in arsha(hemorrhoids)
|-
|43
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/231
|Used in treatment of Tikshnagni
|-
|44
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/57
|Used in Snehottar Virechana Yoga
|-
|45
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/59
|Used in Kaphaja Pandu Roga
|-
|46
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/66
|Used in Swarnakshiradi yoga
|-
|47
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/93
|As an ingredient of Punarnava Mandura
|-
|48
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/135
|Used in Chikitsa of Halimak
|-
|49
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/85
|As a virechan dravya in pittaja kasa.
|-
|50
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/121
|As a yoga dravya.
|-
|51
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/151
|As a mrudu sodhana dravya.
|-
|52
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/26
|For Anulomana in Pittaja chhardi(vomitting)
|-
|53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/64
|For virechana, give along with ghrita/ paya/ ushnodaka.
|-
|54
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/66
|For subsiding visarpa and jvara, give ghrita and trivruta churna along with triphala kwatha for virechana.
|-
|55
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/67
|In guru koshthi patient, give along with Amalaki rasa for virechana.
|-
|56
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/203
|As an ingredient of Karnika nashaka yoga.
|-
|57
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/241
|As an ingredient of Nagadantyadi ghrita.
|-
|58
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/85
|Used as vranashodhaka lepa.
|-
|59
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/12
|Used to make Udavarta varti.
|-
|60
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/14
|Used in udavarta for pradhamana.
|-
|61
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
|As an ingredient of Udumbaravleha.
|-
|62
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/110
|Used in the treatment of Udavarta, Vatala, Mahayoni & Strasta.
|-
|63
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/254
|Used in the treatment of Stanya dosha(vitiated breast milk)
|-
|}

==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96</ref>==
* 1-3 gm of the drug in powder form

==Important formulations<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96</ref>==
* Hrudyavirechana leha
* Ashwagandharishta
* Avipatikara churna
* Manibhadra guda

== Current availability==

Available

* India-

Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West bengal, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Tamil nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra

* Out of India –
Sri lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Australia, Oceania, Brazil, Maxico, Saudi arabia, Oman

== Current researches ==

https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Operculina%20turpethum

[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]

This article is under development