Rajas - Revision history

Agnivesha: /* Relation between food and rajas guna */

2025-11-11T15:58:43Z

Relation between food and rajas guna

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 11 November 2025
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	== Relation between food and rajas guna ==		== Relation between food and rajas guna ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>The Bhagwat Geeta mentions different types of diet preferred by individuals of sattvika, rajasika, and tamasika constitution.[Shreemadbhagwat Geeta, Gunatraya vibhaga Yoga, 14th Chapter] The individuals with rajasika constitution are fond of food with [[Katu\|~~bitter~~ (katu)]], [[Amla\|sour]], [[Lavana\|salty]], and hot. This food is tikshna (sharp, pungent), excessively dry (ruksha), and causes a burning sensation in abdomen and gastrointestinal tract (vidahinah).These foods can cause mental suffering (dukkha, shoka) and affliction with different [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] (amayam). Thus, the rajas dominance can be determined by the type of food he prefers to eat. </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The Bhagwat Geeta mentions different types of diet preferred by individuals of sattvika, rajasika, and tamasika constitution.[Shreemadbhagwat Geeta, Gunatraya vibhaga Yoga, 14th Chapter] The individuals with rajasika constitution are fond of food with [[Katu\|pungent (katu)]], [[Amla\|sour]], [[Lavana\|salty]], and hot. This food is tikshna (sharp, pungent), excessively dry (ruksha), and causes a burning sensation in abdomen and gastrointestinal tract (vidahinah).These foods can cause mental suffering (dukkha, shoka) and affliction with different [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] (amayam). Thus, the rajas dominance can be determined by the type of food he prefers to eat. </p>

	== [[Manas prakriti]] and types of rajasika constitution ==		== [[Manas prakriti]] and types of rajasika constitution ==

Agnivesha at 19:40, 23 February 2024

2024-02-23T19:40:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 23 February 2024
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	\|data2 = Bhojani M.K.<sup>1</sup>, <br/>Jain Rahul<sup>1</sup>, <br/>Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>2</sup>		\|data2 = Bhojani M.K.<sup>1</sup>, <br/>Jain Rahul<sup>1</sup>, <br/>Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>2</sup>
	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>4</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>4</sup>
	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations
	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharira, A.I.I.A. , New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Department of Samhita Siddhanta, D. Y. Patil college of Ayurved and research centre, Pune, India <br/><sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabhvidya Nagar, Anand, Gujarat, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharira, A.I.I.A. , New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Department of Samhita Siddhanta, D. Y. Patil college of Ayurved and research centre, Pune, India <br/><sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabhvidya Nagar, Anand, Gujarat, India

Agnivesha: /* Treatment insights in the management of rajas dominant disorders */

2023-03-06T05:48:23Z

Treatment insights in the management of rajas dominant disorders

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:48, 6 March 2023
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	<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Smritisagar rasa [Yogratnakar, Apasamara Chikitsa], Unmadagajankusha rasa [Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Unmada Rogadhikar] According to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is governed by [[Vata dosha]]. An imbalance of [[Vata dosha\|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are: </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Smritisagar rasa [Yogratnakar, Apasamara Chikitsa], Unmadagajankusha rasa [Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Unmada Rogadhikar] According to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is governed by [[Vata dosha]]. An imbalance of [[Vata dosha\|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are: </span></li>
	<ul style="list-style: '- ';">		<ul style="list-style: '- ';">
	<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression by Dr. Yogesh S. Deole, H.M. Chandola.<ref name="ref9">https://www.~~researchgate~~.~~net~~/~~publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB~~ </ref></li>		<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression by Dr. Yogesh S. Deole, H.M. Chandola.<ref name="ref9">Deole Yogesh S, Chandola H M. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression. Ayu. 29 (4),2008: Available from https://www.ayujournal.org/citation.asp?issn=0974-8520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0;aid=Ayu_2008_29_4_207_68757</ref></li>
	<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhapushpi: potential cognition boosting herb by Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10">https://www.~~ayujournal~~.~~org~~/~~article.asp?issn=09748520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0~~ </ref></li></ul></ul>		<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhapushpi: potential cognition boosting herb by Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10"> Thakur Shifali, Kurav H. available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB</ref></li></ul></ul>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Shodhana\|Shodhana]] (purification procedures): <span style="font-weight:normal">Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha\|dosha]] ultimately leads to a state of equilibrium in the [[Sharira\|body]], as the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna\|triguna]]. [[Panchakarma\|Panchakarma]] procedures like [[Vamana\|vamana]], [[Virechana\|virechana]], [[Nasya\|nasya]], [[Asthapana basti\|niruha]], [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] are mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/61] </span></li></ol>		<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Shodhana\|Shodhana]] (purification procedures): <span style="font-weight:normal">Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha\|dosha]] ultimately leads to a state of equilibrium in the [[Sharira\|body]], as the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna\|triguna]]. [[Panchakarma\|Panchakarma]] procedures like [[Vamana\|vamana]], [[Virechana\|virechana]], [[Nasya\|nasya]], [[Asthapana basti\|niruha]], [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] are mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/61] </span></li></ol>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthiki chikitsa: <span style="font-weight:normal">Eliminating upadha (ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas\|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthiki chikitsa: <span style="font-weight:normal">Eliminating upadha (ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas\|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </span></li>

Agnivesha at 05:11, 6 March 2023

2023-03-06T05:11:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:11, 6 March 2023
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	\|title=Rajas		\|title=Rajas
	\|titlemode=append		\|titlemode=append
	\|keywords=Rajas in ayurveda, Rajas meaning, Rajas, Charak Samhita, Bhojani M.K., Jain Rahul, Joglekar Aishwarya, Basisht G., Deole Y.S., rajas guna, rajas dominance, rajasika		\|keywords=Rajas in ayurveda, Rajas meaning, Rajas, Charak Samhita, Bhojani M.K., Jain Rahul, Joglekar Aishwarya, Basisht G., Deole Y.S., rajas guna, rajas dominance, rajasika, hyperactivity, disorders in mental health, charak samhita online, indian systems of medicine
	\|description=The term 'rajas' literally means the active quality of mind.		\|description=The term 'rajas' literally means the active quality of mind.
	\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg		\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

Agnivesha: corrected spellings etc

2023-03-06T05:10:27Z

corrected spellings etc

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Agnivesha at 17:37, 3 March 2023

2023-03-03T17:37:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 3 March 2023
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	<ol><li>Enhancing workplace well-being by understanding the three personality types, [[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, and [[Tamas\|tamas]], according to Samkhya is done by Dr.Modh.<ref name="ref11">Modh, S. (2020). Enhancing Workplace Well-Being Through Understanding the Three Personality Types: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas According to Samkhya. In: Dhiman, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_22-1 </ref> The researcher has considered these three important measures to determine individual performance at their workplace. It is observed that the rajasika individuals suffer from complaints of dilemma and ethical issues at the workplace compared to sattvika individuals. </li>		<ol><li>Enhancing workplace well-being by understanding the three personality types, [[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, and [[Tamas\|tamas]], according to Samkhya is done by Dr.Modh.<ref name="ref11">Modh, S. (2020). Enhancing Workplace Well-Being Through Understanding the Three Personality Types: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas According to Samkhya. In: Dhiman, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_22-1 </ref> The researcher has considered these three important measures to determine individual performance at their workplace. It is observed that the rajasika individuals suffer from complaints of dilemma and ethical issues at the workplace compared to sattvika individuals. </li>
	<li>Jayant Narayan and Venkant R. Krishnan studied the impact of sattva and rajas on transformational leadership and karma yoga. The study revealed that two rajas dimensions' namely attribution and right and wrong reduce karma yoga.<ref name="ref12">Narayanan J, Krishnan V. Impact of Sattva and Rajas Gunas on Transformational Leadership and Karma Yoga. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2003 Jul 1;21:1–11. </ref></li>		<li>Jayant Narayan and Venkant R. Krishnan studied the impact of sattva and rajas on transformational leadership and karma yoga. The study revealed that two rajas dimensions' namely attribution and right and wrong reduce karma yoga.<ref name="ref12">Narayanan J, Krishnan V. Impact of Sattva and Rajas Gunas on Transformational Leadership and Karma Yoga. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2003 Jul 1;21:1–11. </ref></li>
	<li>A randomized control trial of the effect of yogas on [[Guna\|gunas]] (personality) and self-esteem ~~innormal~~ healthy volunteers is done by Sudheer Deshpande, HR Nagendra, and RaghuramNagarathna.<ref name="ref13">Deshpande S, Nagendra H R, Raghuram N. A randomized control trial of the effect of yoga on Gunas (personality) and Self esteem in normal healthy volunteers. Int J Yoga [serial online] 2009 [cited 2023 Jan 5];2:13-21. Available from: https://www.ijoy.org.in/text.asp?2009/2/1/13/43287 </ref> This study showed a reduction in rajas guna in females and contrary to previous study conducted by Dasa.<ref name="ref14">Dasa DG. Effects of the Hare Krsna Maha Mantra on Stress, Depression, and the Three Gunas .VNN Vaishnava News, Org Networh VNN4267. [cited in 1999]. Available from: http://www.vnn.org/usa/US9907/US10-4267.html. </ref> </li>		<li>A randomized control trial of the effect of yogas on [[Guna\|gunas]] (personality) and self-esteem in normal healthy volunteers is done by Sudheer Deshpande, HR Nagendra, and RaghuramNagarathna.<ref name="ref13">Deshpande S, Nagendra H R, Raghuram N. A randomized control trial of the effect of yoga on Gunas (personality) and Self esteem in normal healthy volunteers. Int J Yoga [serial online] 2009 [cited 2023 Jan 5];2:13-21. Available from: https://www.ijoy.org.in/text.asp?2009/2/1/13/43287 </ref> This study showed a reduction in rajas guna in females and contrary to previous study conducted by Dasa.<ref name="ref14">Dasa DG. Effects of the Hare Krsna Maha Mantra on Stress, Depression, and the Three Gunas .VNN Vaishnava News, Org Networh VNN4267. [cited in 1999]. Available from: http://www.vnn.org/usa/US9907/US10-4267.html. </ref> </li>
	<li>SharmaM.et.al.assessedtheeffectofsattvika, rajasika,andtamasikafactorsonanxietylevelsin cases and controls. The rajasikaindividuals were linked to impaired quality of [[Ayu\|life]] in these individuals.<ref name="ref15">Sharma MP, Salvi D, Sharma M. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas Factors and Quality of [[Ayu\|Life]] in Patients with Anxiety Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation. Psychological Studies. 2012 Dec 1;57. </ref> </li>		<li>SharmaM.et.al.assessedtheeffectofsattvika, rajasika,andtamasikafactorsonanxietylevelsin cases and controls. The rajasikaindividuals were linked to impaired quality of [[Ayu\|life]] in these individuals.<ref name="ref15">Sharma MP, Salvi D, Sharma M. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas Factors and Quality of [[Ayu\|Life]] in Patients with Anxiety Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation. Psychological Studies. 2012 Dec 1;57. </ref> </li>
	<li>A study of the relationship between [[Triguna\|triguna]] and cattellian factors of personality done by Lakhwinder Singh. The study shows that the rajas [[Guna\|guna]] denotes passionate, excitable, and aggressive states of [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref16">Singh L. A study of relationship between Triguna and Cattellian Factors of Personality. 2008. </ref></li>		<li>A study of the relationship between [[Triguna\|triguna]] and cattellian factors of personality done by Lakhwinder Singh. The study shows that the rajas [[Guna\|guna]] denotes passionate, excitable, and aggressive states of [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref16">Singh L. A study of relationship between Triguna and Cattellian Factors of Personality. 2008. </ref></li>
	<li>A cross-sectional research study was focused on the relationship between three [[Guna\|gunas]]-[[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, tamas with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction and perceived stress. This study showed individuals with ~~rajasikapersonality~~ correlated positively with perceived stress and negatively with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction.<ref name="ref17">Sharma S, Bhargav PH, Singh P, Bhargav H, Varambally S. Relationship between Vedic personality traits(Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas) with life satisfaction and perceived stress in healthy university students: A cross‑sectional study. AYU 2021;42:39‑44. </ref></li>		<li>A cross-sectional research study was focused on the relationship between three [[Guna\|gunas]]-[[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, tamas with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction and perceived stress. This study showed individuals with rajasika personality correlated positively with perceived stress and negatively with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction.<ref name="ref17">Sharma S, Bhargav PH, Singh P, Bhargav H, Varambally S. Relationship between Vedic personality traits(Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas) with life satisfaction and perceived stress in healthy university students: A cross‑sectional study. AYU 2021;42:39‑44. </ref></li>
	<li>A study was conducted on formulating a new three-energy framework of personality for conflict analysis and resolution based on [[Triguna\|triguna]] concept of Bhagavad Gita It depicted rajasika energy is considered as dynamic energy. Rajasika individuals were said to have active energy, is excessively passionate, ruthless, and motivated.<ref name="ref18">Modh S. Formulating a New Three Energy Framework of Personality for Conflict Analysis and Resolution based on Triguna Concept of Bhagavad Gita. Journal of Human Values. 2014 Oct 1;20:153–65. </ref> </li></ol>		<li>A study was conducted on formulating a new three-energy framework of personality for conflict analysis and resolution based on [[Triguna\|triguna]] concept of Bhagavad Gita It depicted rajasika energy is considered as dynamic energy. Rajasika individuals were said to have active energy, is excessively passionate, ruthless, and motivated.<ref name="ref18">Modh S. Formulating a New Three Energy Framework of Personality for Conflict Analysis and Resolution based on Triguna Concept of Bhagavad Gita. Journal of Human Values. 2014 Oct 1;20:153–65. </ref> </li></ol>
	Modern researchers conceptualize the definitions and manifestations of [[Triguna\|triguna]] in human nature. A few of these are summarized as given in the table below<ref name="ref19">Singh L. A study of relationship between [[Triguna\|Triguna]] and Cattellian factors of personality. Unpublished dissertation, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. 2008 Dec. </ref>:		Modern researchers conceptualize the definitions and manifestations of [[Triguna\|triguna]] in human nature. A few of these are summarized as given in the table below<ref name="ref19">Singh L. A study of relationship between [[Triguna\|Triguna]] and Cattellian factors of personality. Unpublished dissertation, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. 2008 Dec. </ref>:

Agnivesha at 17:31, 3 March 2023

2023-03-03T17:31:32Z

Agnivesha at 17:06, 3 March 2023

2023-03-03T17:06:30Z

Agnivesha at 16:46, 3 March 2023

2023-03-03T16:46:35Z

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Agnivesha at 14:05, 3 March 2023

2023-03-03T14:05:53Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 3 March 2023
Line 148:		Line 148:
	<ol><li>Enhancing workplace well-being by understanding the three personality types, [[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, and [[Tamas\|tamas]], according to Samkhya is done by Dr.Modh.<ref name="ref11">Modh, S. (2020). Enhancing Workplace Well-Being Through Understanding the Three Personality Types: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas According to Samkhya. In: Dhiman, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_22-1 </ref> The researcher has considered these three important measures to determine individual performance at their workplace. It is observed that the rajasika individuals suffer from complaints of dilemma and ethical issues at the workplace compared to sattvika individuals. </li>		<ol><li>Enhancing workplace well-being by understanding the three personality types, [[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, and [[Tamas\|tamas]], according to Samkhya is done by Dr.Modh.<ref name="ref11">Modh, S. (2020). Enhancing Workplace Well-Being Through Understanding the Three Personality Types: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas According to Samkhya. In: Dhiman, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_22-1 </ref> The researcher has considered these three important measures to determine individual performance at their workplace. It is observed that the rajasika individuals suffer from complaints of dilemma and ethical issues at the workplace compared to sattvika individuals. </li>
	<li>Jayant Narayan and Venkant R. Krishnan studied the impact of sattva and rajas on transformational leadership and karma yoga. The study revealed that two rajas dimensions' namely attribution and right and wrong reduce karma yoga.<ref name="ref12">Narayanan J, Krishnan V. Impact of Sattva and Rajas Gunas on Transformational Leadership and Karma Yoga. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2003 Jul 1;21:1–11. </ref></li>		<li>Jayant Narayan and Venkant R. Krishnan studied the impact of sattva and rajas on transformational leadership and karma yoga. The study revealed that two rajas dimensions' namely attribution and right and wrong reduce karma yoga.<ref name="ref12">Narayanan J, Krishnan V. Impact of Sattva and Rajas Gunas on Transformational Leadership and Karma Yoga. Journal of Indian Psychology. 2003 Jul 1;21:1–11. </ref></li>
	<li>A randomized control trial of the effect of yogas on [[Guna\|gunas]] (personality) and self-esteem ~~innormal~~ healthy volunteers is done by Sudheer Deshpande, HR Nagendra, and RaghuramNagarathna.<ref name="ref13">Deshpande S, Nagendra H R, Raghuram N. A randomized control trial of the effect of yoga on Gunas (personality) and Self esteem in normal healthy volunteers. Int J Yoga [serial online] 2009 [cited 2023 Jan 5];2:13-21. Available from: https://www.ijoy.org.in/text.asp?2009/2/1/13/43287 </ref> This study showed a reduction in rajas guna in females and contrary to previous study conducted by Dasa.<ref name="ref14">Dasa DG. Effects of the Hare Krsna Maha Mantra on Stress, Depression, and the Three Gunas .VNN Vaishnava News, Org Networh VNN4267. [cited in 1999]. Available from: http://www.vnn.org/usa/US9907/US10-4267.html. </ref> </li>		<li>A randomized control trial of the effect of yogas on [[Guna\|gunas]] (personality) and self-esteem in normal healthy volunteers is done by Sudheer Deshpande, HR Nagendra, and RaghuramNagarathna.<ref name="ref13">Deshpande S, Nagendra H R, Raghuram N. A randomized control trial of the effect of yoga on Gunas (personality) and Self esteem in normal healthy volunteers. Int J Yoga [serial online] 2009 [cited 2023 Jan 5];2:13-21. Available from: https://www.ijoy.org.in/text.asp?2009/2/1/13/43287 </ref> This study showed a reduction in rajas guna in females and contrary to previous study conducted by Dasa.<ref name="ref14">Dasa DG. Effects of the Hare Krsna Maha Mantra on Stress, Depression, and the Three Gunas .VNN Vaishnava News, Org Networh VNN4267. [cited in 1999]. Available from: http://www.vnn.org/usa/US9907/US10-4267.html. </ref> </li>
	<li>SharmaM.et.al.assessedtheeffectofsattvika, rajasika,andtamasikafactorsonanxietylevelsin cases and controls. The rajasikaindividuals were linked to impaired quality of [[Ayu\|life]] in these individuals.<ref name="ref15">Sharma MP, Salvi D, Sharma M. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas Factors and Quality of [[Ayu\|Life]] in Patients with Anxiety Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation. Psychological Studies. 2012 Dec 1;57. </ref> </li>		<li>SharmaM.et.al.assessedtheeffectofsattvika, rajasika,andtamasikafactorsonanxietylevelsin cases and controls. The rajasikaindividuals were linked to impaired quality of [[Ayu\|life]] in these individuals.<ref name="ref15">Sharma MP, Salvi D, Sharma M. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas Factors and Quality of [[Ayu\|Life]] in Patients with Anxiety Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation. Psychological Studies. 2012 Dec 1;57. </ref> </li>
	<li>A study of the relationship between [[Triguna\|triguna]] and cattellian factors of personality done by Lakhwinder Singh. The study shows that the rajas [[Guna\|guna]] denotes passionate, excitable, and aggressive states of [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref16">Singh L. A study of relationship between Triguna and Cattellian Factors of Personality. 2008. </ref></li>		<li>A study of the relationship between [[Triguna\|triguna]] and cattellian factors of personality done by Lakhwinder Singh. The study shows that the rajas [[Guna\|guna]] denotes passionate, excitable, and aggressive states of [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref16">Singh L. A study of relationship between Triguna and Cattellian Factors of Personality. 2008. </ref></li>
	<li>A cross-sectional research study was focused on the relationship between three [[Guna\|gunas]]-[[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, tamas with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction and perceived stress. This study showed individuals with ~~rajasikapersonality~~ correlated positively with perceived stress and negatively with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction.<ref name="ref17">Sharma S, Bhargav PH, Singh P, Bhargav H, Varambally S. Relationship between Vedic personality traits(Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas) with life satisfaction and perceived stress in healthy university students: A cross‑sectional study. AYU 2021;42:39‑44. </ref></li>		<li>A cross-sectional research study was focused on the relationship between three [[Guna\|gunas]]-[[Sattva\|sattva]], rajas, tamas with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction and perceived stress. This study showed individuals with rajasika personality correlated positively with perceived stress and negatively with [[Ayu\|life]] satisfaction.<ref name="ref17">Sharma S, Bhargav PH, Singh P, Bhargav H, Varambally S. Relationship between Vedic personality traits(Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas) with life satisfaction and perceived stress in healthy university students: A cross‑sectional study. AYU 2021;42:39‑44. </ref></li>
	<li>A study was conducted on formulating a new three-energy framework of personality for conflict analysis and resolution based on [[Triguna\|triguna]] concept of Bhagavad Gita It depicted rajasika energy is considered as dynamic energy. Rajasika individuals were said to have active energy, is excessively passionate, ruthless, and motivated.<ref name="ref18">Modh S. Formulating a New Three Energy Framework of Personality for Conflict Analysis and Resolution based on Triguna Concept of Bhagavad Gita. Journal of Human Values. 2014 Oct 1;20:153–65. </ref> </li></ol>		<li>A study was conducted on formulating a new three-energy framework of personality for conflict analysis and resolution based on [[Triguna\|triguna]] concept of Bhagavad Gita It depicted rajasika energy is considered as dynamic energy. Rajasika individuals were said to have active energy, is excessively passionate, ruthless, and motivated.<ref name="ref18">Modh S. Formulating a New Three Energy Framework of Personality for Conflict Analysis and Resolution based on Triguna Concept of Bhagavad Gita. Journal of Human Values. 2014 Oct 1;20:153–65. </ref> </li></ol>
	Modern researchers conceptualize the definitions and manifestations of [[Triguna\|triguna]] in human nature. A few of these are summarized as given in the table below<ref name="ref19">Singh L. A study of relationship between [[Triguna\|Triguna]] and Cattellian factors of personality. Unpublished dissertation, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. 2008 Dec. </ref>:		Modern researchers conceptualize the definitions and manifestations of [[Triguna\|triguna]] in human nature. A few of these are summarized as given in the table below<ref name="ref19">Singh L. A study of relationship between [[Triguna\|Triguna]] and Cattellian factors of personality. Unpublished dissertation, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. 2008 Dec. </ref>:

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	== Concept of rajas from a philosophical point ofview ==		== Concept of rajas from a philosophical point ofview ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>~~Thetheory~~ of [[Triguna\|triguna]] is fundamentally based on evolution as per both [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] and Sankhya philosophy. The [[Prakriti\|prakriti]] is considered trigunatmaka. Hence its 'vikara' or expressions are also 'trigunatmaka' in nature. Thus, whole universe is ~~constitutedfrom~~ the derivatives of [[Triguna\|triguna]] (Srishtiutpatti).[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 24/8] Rajas guna, along with [[Sattva\|sattva]] and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]] also plays a ~~vitalrole~~ in the perception of this philosophical aspect. It is responsible for the generation, creation, and mutation of the srishti or universe. Rajas being active is responsible for stimulating both [[Sattva\|sattva]] and [[Tamas\|tamasguna]] intaijasaahankaraleading to the development of different vikara or the components of the universe.[Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/4] ~~Thealliance~~ or association of purusha with the 24tattva carries on as long as rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] are afflicted with it leading to rashipurusha (combination of 24 elements).The liberation from the effect (of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]]) by supremacy of [[Sattva\|sattva]] leads to freedom ~~ofpurusha~~ i.e. moksha or salvation to get freedom from its alliance with the tattva. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/36] [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/142]. Thus, the moksha is described as a state of [[Sattva\|sattva]] predominance with absolute absence of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/142] The rajas is thus termed as ~~karanaor~~ cause for gati (speed) and pravritti (trend).[Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 2/38] <br/>Sankhya philosophy (Sankhyakarika 12-14) also focuses on the study of [[Triguna\|triguna]] where the rajas is representingapriti(dukkha or sorrow),pravritti(initiation, stimulation), upastambhakam(stimulator),chala(active, in motion).Thus, the study of rajas guna is necessary to understand the process of srishtiutpatti, rashi- purusha, moksha which form the philosophical basis of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]]. </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The theory of [[Triguna\|triguna]] is fundamentally based on evolution as per both [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] and Sankhya philosophy. The [[Prakriti\|prakriti]] is considered trigunatmaka. Hence its 'vikara' or expressions are also 'trigunatmaka' in nature. Thus, whole universe is constituted from the derivatives of [[Triguna\|triguna]] (Srishtiutpatti).[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 24/8] Rajas guna, along with [[Sattva\|sattva]] and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]] also plays a vital role in the perception of this philosophical aspect. It is responsible for the generation, creation, and mutation of the srishti or universe. Rajas being active is responsible for stimulating both [[Sattva\|sattva]] and [[Tamas\|tamasguna]] intaijasaahankaraleading to the development of different vikara or the components of the universe.[Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/4] The alliance or association of [[Purusha\|purusha]] with the 24tattva carries on as long as rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] are afflicted with it leading to [[Rashipurusha\|rashipurusha]] (combination of 24 elements). The liberation from the effect (of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]]) by supremacy of [[Sattva\|sattva]] leads to freedom of [[Purusha\|purusha]] i.e. moksha or salvation to get freedom from its alliance with the tattva. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/36] [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/142]. Thus, the moksha is described as a state of [[Sattva\|sattva]] predominance with absolute absence of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 1/142] The rajas is thus termed as karana or cause for gati (speed) and pravritti (trend).[Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 2/38] <br/>Sankhya philosophy (Sankhyakarika 12-14) also focuses on the study of [[Triguna\|triguna]] where the rajas is representingapriti(dukkha or sorrow), pravritti(initiation, stimulation), upastambhakam(stimulator), chala(active, in motion). Thus, the study of rajas guna is necessary to understand the process of srishtiutpatti, [[Rashipurusha\|rashi-purusha]], moksha which form the philosophical basis of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]]. </p>

	== Rajas guna involvement in functioning of triguna(Sankhyakarika13)<ref name="ref8">Ishwarkrishna, Sankhyakarika with Abhinavarajlakshmi Bhashya by Gaudapada and hindi translation by Sitaramshashtri and Prof. Balashashta,Sankhyakarika number 12-13 , printed 2019 , Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana , Varanasi , Page No.52-55 </ref> ==		== Rajas guna involvement in functioning of triguna(Sankhyakarika13)<ref name="ref8">Ishwarkrishna, Sankhyakarika with Abhinavarajlakshmi Bhashya by Gaudapada and hindi translation by Sitaramshashtri and Prof. Balashashta,Sankhyakarika number 12-13 , printed 2019 , Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana , Varanasi , Page No.52-55 </ref> ==
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	<p style='text-align:justify;'>As mentioned earlier, the pathology of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] can be an important factor in the occurrence of various mental disorders ([[Manas\|manas]] vyadhi). [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]] focuses on a holistic approach to balance [[Triguna\|triguna]] and promote mental [[Health\|health]]. Following measures can be undertaken for [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] involving the pathology of rajas [[Guna\|guna]].		<p style='text-align:justify;'>As mentioned earlier, the pathology of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] can be an important factor in the occurrence of various mental disorders ([[Manas\|manas]] vyadhi). [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]] focuses on a holistic approach to balance [[Triguna\|triguna]] and promote mental [[Health\|health]]. Following measures can be undertaken for [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] involving the pathology of rajas [[Guna\|guna]].
	<ol>		<ol>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Manasikavegadharana(restraining psychological urges): <span style="font-weight:normal">Psychological urges like lobha (greed), shoka (sorrow), bhaya(fright), irshya(envious),dwesha(hate), raga(infatuation), ahankara(ego),nirlajja (indecency) etc. need to be controlled for the avoidance of mental [[Health\|health]] conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 7/25-29] </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Manasikavegadharana(restraining psychological urges): <span style="font-weight:normal">Psychological urges like lobha (greed), shoka (sorrow), bhaya(fright), irshya(envious), dwesha(hate), raga(infatuation), ahankara(ego), nirlajja (indecency) etc. need to be controlled for the avoidance of mental [[Health\|health]] conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 7/25-29] </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Daivavyapashrayachikitsa(spiritual therapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">It is divine therapy. It includes chanting & listening to different types ~~ofmantras~~, homa-havana (rituals, offerings made to holy fire),upavasa (fasting), divya-aushadhi, manidhaaran (use of prestigious stones), mangala(auspicious ceremony), upahara (gifts) niyama (following of auspicious and spiritual rules),pranipata (respect of almighty).This ~~helpsactivate~~ the [[Sattva\|sattva's]] normal ~~functioningand~~ alleviate the vitiated [[Tamas\|tamas]] ~~andrajas~~. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Daivavyapashrayachikitsa(spiritual therapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">It is divine therapy. It includes chanting & listening to different types of mantras, homa-havana (rituals, offerings made to holy fire), [[Upavasa\|upavasa (fasting)]], divya-aushadhi, manidhaaran (use of prestigious stones), mangala(auspicious ceremony), upahara (gifts) niyama (following of auspicious and spiritual rules), pranipata (respect of almighty). This helps activate the [[Sattva\|sattva's]] normal functioning and alleviate the vitiated [[Tamas\|tamas]] and rajas. </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Sattvavajayachikitsa(psychotherapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">Regulation of [[Manas\|mind]] is the main aim of this therapy, by diversion of emotions, assurance, proper guidance, controlled thought process, patience, etc. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Sattvavajayachikitsa(psychotherapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">Regulation of [[Manas\|mind]] is the main aim of this therapy, by diversion of emotions, assurance, proper guidance, controlled thought process, patience, etc. </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktivyapashrayachikitsa(medicinal and diet therapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">Use of medicines (internal and external or both) and ahara(food). This is further classified into 2 types: </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktivyapashrayachikitsa(medicinal and diet therapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">Use of medicines (internal and external or both) and [[Ahara\|ahara(food)]]. This is further classified into 2 types: </span></li>
	<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">		<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Shamanakarma (pacification therapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">This treatment alleviates the [[Dosha\|dosha]] vitiation affecting the vitiation of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] in the body. There are so many medicines described for treating mental illness. Few of them are described below: </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Shamanakarma (pacification therapy): <span style="font-weight:normal">This treatment alleviates the [[Dosha\|dosha]] vitiation affecting the vitiation of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] in the [[Sharira\|body]]. There are so many medicines described for treating mental illness. Few of them are described below: </span></li>
	<ul>		<ul>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Single herbs: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mandukaparni (Centellaasiatica Linn.), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulaspleuricaulis) etc.[Ch. Sa. chi. 1/30-31] </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Single herbs: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mandukaparni (Centellaasiatica Linn.), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulaspleuricaulis) etc.[Ch. Sa. chi. 1/30-31] </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Use of medicated ghrita(ghee) preparations: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mahapaishachikaghrita, Brahmi ghrita, Lashunadighrita.[Ch.Chi. 10/17-25] Mahakalyanakaghrita, Kalyanakaghrita, Puranaghrita, ~~Prapuranaghritaetc~~. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]]. 9/35-61]. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Use of medicated ghrita([[Ghee\|ghee]]) preparations: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mahapaishachikaghrita, Brahmi ghrita, Lashunadighrita.[Ch.Chi. 10/17-25] Mahakalyanakaghrita, Kalyanakaghrita, Puranaghrita, Prapuranaghrita etc. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]]. 9/35-61]. </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Smritisagarrasa [Yogratnakar, ApasamaraChikitsa], Unmadagajankusharasa [BhaishajyaRatnavali, UnmadRogadhikar]According to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is govern by [[Vata dosha\|Vata]], an imbalance of [[Vata dosha\|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are, </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Smritisagarrasa [Yogratnakar, ApasamaraChikitsa], Unmadagajankusharasa [BhaishajyaRatnavali, UnmadRogadhikar]According to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is govern by [[Vata dosha\|Vata]], an imbalance of [[Vata dosha\|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are, </span></li>
	<ul style="list-style: '- ';">		<ul style="list-style: '- ';">
	<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression- Author- Yogesh S Deole, HM Chandola.<ref name="ref9">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB </ref></li>		<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression- Author- Yogesh S Deole, HM Chandola.<ref name="ref9">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB </ref></li>
	<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhpushpi: potential cognition boosting herb, Author- Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10">https://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=09748520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0 </ref></li></ul></ul>		<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhpushpi: potential cognition boosting herb, Author- Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10">https://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=09748520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0 </ref></li></ul></ul>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Shodhana(purification procedures): <span style="font-weight:normal">Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha\|dosha]] ultimately leads ~~toa~~ state of equilibrium in the body, as the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna\|triguna]]. Panchakarma procedures like vamana, virechana, nasya, niruha, ~~anuvasanaare~~ mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 10/61] </span></li></ol>		<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Shodhana\|Shodhana]](purification procedures): <span style="font-weight:normal">Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha\|dosha]] ultimately leads to a state of equilibrium in the [[Sharira\|body]], as the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna\|triguna]]. [[Panchakarma\|Panchakarma]] procedures like [[Vamana\|vamana]], [[Virechana\|virechana]], [[Nasya\|nasya]], [[Asthapana basti\|niruha]], [[Anuvasana\|anuvasana]] are mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 10/61] </span></li></ol>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthikichikitsa: <span style="font-weight:normal">Eliminatingupadha(ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas\|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthikichikitsa: <span style="font-weight:normal">Eliminatingupadha(ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas\|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Yoga: <span style="font-weight:normal">By practicing ashtanga yoga (yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi), one can achieve the state of equilibrium . This increases the [[Sattva\|sattva guna]], decreases rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]], and helps balance the [[Manas\|mind]]. </span></li></ol></p>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Yoga: <span style="font-weight:normal">By practicing ashtanga yoga (yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, [[Dhyana\|dhyana]] and [[Samadhi\|samadhi]]), one can achieve the state of equilibrium . This increases the [[Sattva\|sattva guna]], decreases rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]], and helps balance the [[Manas\|mind]]. </span></li></ol></p>

	== Previous researches on rajas guna ==		== Previous researches on rajas guna ==

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	== Rajas and vatadosha ==		== Rajas and vatadosha ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>[[Vata dosha\|Vatadosha]] is dominant in rajas guna(rajas bahula). [Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/8] Sharangadhara has also termed the [[Vata dosha\|vatadosha]] to be rajas guna dominant.<ref name="ref6">Sharangdhar, Sharangdhar Samhita with English translation by Dr Srikantha Murthy, Kalidakakhyana Shariram Adhyaya,5/26, Prathama Khanda,Sixth Edition, 2006, Chaukhambha orientalia, Varanasi, Page No. 23 </ref> </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>[[Vata dosha\|Vatadosha]] is dominant in rajas guna(rajas bahula). [Su.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana\|NidanaSthana]] 1/8] Sharangadhara has also termed the [[Vata dosha\|vatadosha]] to be rajas guna dominant.<ref name="ref6">Sharangdhar, Sharangdhar Samhita with English translation by Dr Srikantha Murthy, Kalidakakhyana Shariram Adhyaya,5/26, Prathama Khanda,Sixth Edition, 2006, Chaukhambha orientalia, Varanasi, Page No. 23 </ref> </p>

	== Relation between food and rajas guna ==		== Relation between food and rajas guna ==
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	== Relation between prana and rajas guna ==		== Relation between prana and rajas guna ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>[[Sattva\|Sattva]], rajas, and [[Tamas\|tamas]] are listed among twelve vital entities in body (dwadashaprana). [Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 4/3] </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>[[Sattva\|Sattva]], rajas, and [[Tamas\|tamas]] are listed among twelve vital entities in [[Sharira\|body]] (dwadashaprana). [Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 4/3] </p>

	== Assessment of rajas guna ==		== Assessment of rajas guna ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Rajas [[Guna\|guna]] is assessed by means of inference from anumana pramana. It can be assessed by the presence of sanga(attachment) to different situations or individuals.[Cha.Sa.VimanaSthana 4/8] It is inferred as excessive sexual indulgence and other pleasures.[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. VimanaSthana 4/8] The excessive expressions of feelings of desire in an individual can be related to rajas [[Guna\|guna]]. </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Rajas [[Guna\|guna]] is assessed by means of inference from [[Anumana pramana\|anumana pramana]]. It can be assessed by the presence of sanga(attachment) to different situations or individuals.[Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|VimanaSthana]] 4/8] It is inferred as excessive sexual indulgence and other pleasures.[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|VimanaSthana]] 4/8] The excessive expressions of feelings of desire in an individual can be related to rajas [[Guna\|guna]]. </p>

	== Importance in prevention of diseases/ maintenance of health ==		== Importance in prevention of diseases/ maintenance of health ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>The dominance of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] has an impact on the psyche of an individual. The individual with rajas dominant psyche needs stimulation or motivation from others to cope with the circumstances.[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 35/38] Hence the rajas dominant individuals are termed as those with mediocre mental strength (madhyamamanobala). (Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 35/38) Hence,like the [[Sharira\|sharira]] [[Prakriti\|prakriti]](somatic constitution), the [[Manas prakriti\|manas prakriti]] (psychological constitution) also plays a vital role in determining an individual's characteristics contributing to a person's mental [[Health\|health]] status. [[Manas prakriti\|Manas prakriti]] is termed as [[Guna\|guna]] [[Prakriti\|prakriti]] or maha prakriti. [Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 4/98-99] The assessment of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] dominance in an individual can help understand the psychological status and susceptibility to mental [[Health\|health]] disorders. <br/>Rajas [[Guna\|guna]] is also a determinant of vitality seated in the marma or vital points of the body.[Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 6/35] Thus, the normalcy of ~~rajasis~~ essential in properly functioning the vital body organs. <br/>An individual devoid of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]], is called 'apta' or one with authoritative and authentic knowledge.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 11/18-19] Excess of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] can lead to biasedness or altered knowledge in an individual.One who is vigilant towards maintaining [[Health\|health]] and consuming a beneficial diet is termed 'parikshaka'. When he is afflicted with rajas [[Guna\|guna]] falls prey to various [[Vyadhi\|diseases]]. A wholesome diet and lifestyle is advised considering thestatus of three [[Guna\|guna]]. [A.S. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 3/30] If not followed, the rajas-[[Tamas\|tamas]] originated [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] occur in such individuals due to intellectual defects (prajnaparadha). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 28/36-38] <br/>Rajasika individuals tend to consume alcohol more frequently depending on mental strength and can reach the advanced states of excessive intoxication, alcohol dependency, and addiction more quickly than the sattvika individuals. Hence, one must consider the mental strength and type of alcohol (madya) before consumption.[Cha. Sa. ChikitsaSthana 24/68-69, 79] <br/>Thus, the balance of [[Triguna\|triguna]] especially rajas [[Guna\|guna]], should be considered for maintaining mental [[Health\|health]] and avoiding psychological and psychosomatic disorders. </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>The dominance of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] has an impact on the psyche of an individual. The individual with rajas dominant psyche needs stimulation or motivation from others to cope with the circumstances.[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 35/38] Hence the rajas dominant individuals are termed as those with mediocre mental strength (madhyamamanobala). (Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 35/38) Hence, like the [[Sharira\|sharira]] [[Prakriti\|prakriti]](somatic constitution), the [[Manas prakriti\|manas prakriti]] (psychological constitution) also plays a vital role in determining an individual's characteristics contributing to a person's mental [[Health\|health]] status. [[Manas prakriti\|Manas prakriti]] is termed as [[Guna\|guna]] [[Prakriti\|prakriti]] or maha prakriti. [Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 4/98-99] The assessment of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] dominance in an individual can help understand the psychological status and susceptibility to mental [[Health\|health]] disorders. <br/>Rajas [[Guna\|guna]] is also a determinant of vitality seated in the [[Marma\|marma]] or vital points of the [[Sharira\|body]].[Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 6/35] Thus, the normalcy of rajas is essential in properly functioning the vital [[Sharira\|body]] organs. <br/>An individual devoid of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]], is called 'apta' or one with authoritative and authentic knowledge.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 11/18-19] Excess of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] can lead to biasedness or altered knowledge in an individual. One who is vigilant towards maintaining [[Health\|health]] and consuming a beneficial diet is termed 'parikshaka'. When he is afflicted with rajas [[Guna\|guna]] falls prey to various [[Vyadhi\|diseases]]. A wholesome diet and lifestyle is advised considering thestatus of three [[Guna\|guna]]. [A.S. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 3/30] If not followed, the rajas-[[Tamas\|tamas]] originated [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] occur in such individuals due to intellectual defects ([[Prajnaparadha\|prajnaparadha]]). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 28/36-38] <br/>Rajasika individuals tend to consume alcohol more frequently depending on mental strength and can reach the advanced states of excessive intoxication, alcohol dependency, and addiction more quickly than the sattvika individuals. Hence, one must consider the mental strength and type of alcohol (madya) before consumption.[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 24/68-69, 79] <br/>Thus, the balance of [[Triguna\|triguna]] especially rajas [[Guna\|guna]], should be considered for maintaining mental [[Health\|health]] and avoiding psychological and psychosomatic disorders. </p>

	== Importance in diagnosis and occurrence of diseases ==		== Importance in diagnosis and occurrence of diseases ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]] are termed as the [[Manas\|manas]] [[Dosha\|dosha]]. They are responsible for the occurrence of various mental disorders.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/57, 25/11,Cha.Sa. VimanaSthana 6/6, A.H. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/21, Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/4] The disorders are of two types:rajas dominant and [[Tamas\|tamas]] dominant. [Cha.Sa.NidanaSthana 1/4] The flickering nature of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] makes it responsible for initiating pathogenesis and stimulating [[Tamas\|tamas]] in the manifestation of disease.It is thus termed an initiator (pravartaka). [[Tamas\|Tamas]] cannot proceed without the stimulation of rajas [[Guna\|guna]].[Cha.Sa.VimanaSthana 6/9] Rajas [[Guna\|guna]] and [[Vata dosha\|vatadosha]] play an important role in the spreading stage of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (prasaraavastha)in six stages of pathogenesis (shatkriyakala).[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 21/28] Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]] work in unison (anubandha) in the occurrence of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]].[Cha.Sa.VimanaSthana 6/9] Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] [[Guna\|guna]] lead to the occurrence of conditions like kama(lust),krodha(anger), lobha(greed),irshya(jealousy),maana(ego), mada(intoxication), shoka(excessive sadness/ unhappiness),chittodvega(anxiety),bhaya(fear), harsha(excessive joyousness) etc.These can get afflicted along with [[Sharira\|sharira]] [[Dosha\|dosha]] to cause various [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] and psychosomatic disorders. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. VimanaSthana 6/8] <br/>Vertigo occurs due to the dominanceof rajas [[Guna\|guna]], pitta dosha, and [[Vata dosha\|vatadosha]].[Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 4/56] Rajasguna is also pivotal in ~~unmadaand~~ apasmara [[Vyadhi\|diseases]].[Su.Sa.Uttar Tantra 61/4, Cha. Sa. Nidana Sthana 8/4, Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/4] Atattvabhinivesha is grave condition caused by the vitiation of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]].[Cha.Sa. ChiktsaSthana 10/59] <br/>Similarly the rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] individuals fall prey to disease after reaching the advanced stages of intoxication (madatyaya).[A.H.NidanaSthana 6/5] [Cha.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 24/46] Rajasika individuals are affected more quickly. [Cha. Sa.ChikitsaSthana 24/55] Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] are involved in the pathogenesis of mada (intoxication)- murccha (syncope)- sanyasa (coma) conditions.[A.H. NidanaSthana 6/25] Similarly, in the historical description regarding the occurrence of rajayakshma, the prominence of rajas guna was observed in soma(moon).[Cha. Sa.ChikitsaSthana 8/7] It suggests the excess indulgence in activities to affect [[Health\|health]] and can lead to degenerative [[Vyadhi\|diseases]]. </p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]] are termed as the [[Manas\|manas]] [[Dosha\|dosha]]. They are responsible for the occurrence of various mental disorders.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/57, 25/11, Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|VimanaSthana]] 6/6, A.H. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/21, Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 1/4] The disorders are of two types:rajas dominant and [[Tamas\|tamas]] dominant. [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana\|NidanaSthana]] 1/4] The flickering nature of rajas [[Guna\|guna]] makes it responsible for initiating pathogenesis and stimulating [[Tamas\|tamas]] in the manifestation of [[Vyadhi\|disease]]. It is thus termed an initiator (pravartaka). [[Tamas\|Tamas]] cannot proceed without the stimulation of rajas [[Guna\|guna]].[Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|VimanaSthana]] 6/9] Rajas [[Guna\|guna]] and [[Vata dosha\|vatadosha]] play an important role in the spreading stage of [[Dosha\|dosha]] (prasaraavastha)in six stages of pathogenesis ([[Shatkriyakala\|shatkriyakala]]).[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 21/28] Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]] work in unison (anubandha) in the occurrence of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]].[Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|VimanaSthana]] 6/9] Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] [[Guna\|guna]] lead to the occurrence of conditions like kama(lust), krodha(anger), lobha(greed), irshya(jealousy), maana(ego), mada(intoxication), shoka(excessive sadness/ unhappiness), chittodvega(anxiety), bhaya(fear), harsha(excessive joyousness) etc. These can get afflicted along with [[Sharira\|sharira]] [[Dosha\|dosha]] to cause various [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] and psychosomatic disorders. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|VimanaSthana]] 6/8] <br/>Vertigo occurs due to the dominanceof rajas [[Guna\|guna]], [[Pitta dosha\|pitta dosha]], and [[Vata dosha\|vatadosha]].[Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana\|ShariraSthana]] 4/56] Rajasguna is also pivotal in [[Unmada Chikitsa\|unmada]] and [[Apasmara Chikitsa\|apasmara]] [[Vyadhi\|diseases]].[Su.Sa.Uttar Tantra 61/4, Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana\|Nidana Sthana]] 8/4, Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/4] Atattvabhinivesha is grave condition caused by the vitiation of rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]].[Cha.Sa. ChiktsaSthana 10/59] <br/>Similarly the rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] individuals fall prey to [[Vyadhi\|disease]] after reaching the advanced stages of intoxication ([[Madatyaya Chikitsa\|madatyaya]]).[A.H.[[Nidana Sthana\|NidanaSthana]] 6/5] [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 24/46] Rajasika individuals are affected more quickly. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 24/55] Rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas]] are involved in the pathogenesis of mada (intoxication)- murccha (syncope)- sanyasa (coma) conditions.[A.H. [[Nidana Sthana\|NidanaSthana]] 6/25] Similarly, in the historical description regarding the occurrence of rajayakshma, the prominence of rajas guna was observed in soma(moon).[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 8/7] It suggests the excess indulgence in activities to affect [[Health\|health]] and can lead to degenerative [[Vyadhi\|diseases]]. </p>

	== Concept of rajas from a philosophical point ofview ==		== Concept of rajas from a philosophical point ofview ==
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	<ul>		<ul>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Single herbs: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mandukaparni (Centellaasiatica Linn.), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulaspleuricaulis) etc.[Ch. Sa. chi. 1/30-31] </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Single herbs: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mandukaparni (Centellaasiatica Linn.), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulaspleuricaulis) etc.[Ch. Sa. chi. 1/30-31] </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Use of medicated ghrita(ghee) preparations: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mahapaishachikaghrita, Brahmi ghrita, Lashunadighrita.[Ch.Chi. 10/17-25] Mahakalyanakaghrita, Kalyanakaghrita, Puranaghrita, Prapuranaghritaetc. [Cha. Sa.ChikitsaSthana. 9/35-61]. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Use of medicated ghrita(ghee) preparations: <span style="font-weight:normal">Mahapaishachikaghrita, Brahmi ghrita, Lashunadighrita.[Ch.Chi. 10/17-25] Mahakalyanakaghrita, Kalyanakaghrita, Puranaghrita, Prapuranaghritaetc. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]]. 9/35-61]. </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Smritisagarrasa [Yogratnakar, ApasamaraChikitsa], Unmadagajankusharasa [BhaishajyaRatnavali, UnmadRogadhikar]According to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is govern by [[Vata dosha\|Vata]], an imbalance of [[Vata dosha\|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are, </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Smritisagarrasa [Yogratnakar, ApasamaraChikitsa], Unmadagajankusharasa [BhaishajyaRatnavali, UnmadRogadhikar]According to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is govern by [[Vata dosha\|Vata]], an imbalance of [[Vata dosha\|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are, </span></li>
	<ul style="list-style: '- ';">		<ul style="list-style: '- ';">
	<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression- Author- Yogesh S Deole, HM Chandola.<ref name="ref9">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB </ref></li>		<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression- Author- Yogesh S Deole, HM Chandola.<ref name="ref9">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB </ref></li>
	<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhpushpi: potential cognition boosting herb, Author- Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10">https://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=09748520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0 </ref></li></ul></ul>		<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhpushpi: potential cognition boosting herb, Author- Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10">https://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=09748520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0 </ref></li></ul></ul>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Shodhana(purification procedures): <span style="font-weight:normal">Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha\|dosha]] ultimately leads toa state of equilibrium in the body, as the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna\|triguna]]. Panchakarma procedures like vamana, virechana, nasya, niruha, anuvasanaare mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. ChikitsaSthana 10/61] </span></li></ol>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Shodhana(purification procedures): <span style="font-weight:normal">Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha\|dosha]] ultimately leads toa state of equilibrium in the body, as the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna\|triguna]]. Panchakarma procedures like vamana, virechana, nasya, niruha, anuvasanaare mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|ChikitsaSthana]] 10/61] </span></li></ol>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthikichikitsa: <span style="font-weight:normal">Eliminatingupadha(ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas\|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </span></li>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthikichikitsa: <span style="font-weight:normal">Eliminatingupadha(ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas\|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </span></li>
	<li style="font-weight:bold">Yoga: <span style="font-weight:normal">By practicing ashtanga yoga (yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi), one can achieve the state of equilibrium . This increases the [[Sattva\|sattva guna]], decreases rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]], and helps balance the [[Manas\|mind]]. </span></li></ol></p>		<li style="font-weight:bold">Yoga: <span style="font-weight:normal">By practicing ashtanga yoga (yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi), one can achieve the state of equilibrium . This increases the [[Sattva\|sattva guna]], decreases rajas and [[Tamas\|tamas guna]], and helps balance the [[Manas\|mind]]. </span></li></ol></p>