Pitta dosha - Revision history

Agnivesha at 19:18, 23 February 2024

2024-02-23T19:18:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, 23 February 2024
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>,<br/>Tanwar Ankur Kumar <sup>1</sup>		\|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>,<br/>Tanwar Ankur Kumar <sup>1</sup>
	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>2</sup>		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>2</sup>
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>3</sup>
	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations
	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>3</sup>Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>3</sup>Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

Agnivesha at 13:15, 7 March 2023

2023-03-07T13:15:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:15, 7 March 2023
Line 9:		Line 9:
	\|type=article		\|type=article
	}}		}}
	Pitta dosha is responsible for maintaining [[Sharira\|body]] temperature, digestion and metabolism. Pitta dosha is [[Agni mahabhuta\|agni mahabhuta]] predominant. [Code:SAT-B.401]<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> This chapter describes the physiological functions and pathological importance of pitta dosha. </~~div~~>		<p style="text-align:justify;">Pitta dosha is responsible for maintaining [[Sharira\|body]] temperature, digestion and metabolism. Pitta dosha is [[Agni mahabhuta\|agni mahabhuta]] predominant. [Code:SAT-B.401]<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> This chapter describes the physiological functions and pathological importance of pitta dosha. </p>
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\|title = Contributors		\|title = Contributors

Agnivesha at 10:52, 30 December 2022

2022-12-30T10:52:14Z

Agnivesha: /* Attributes */

2022-12-30T10:41:41Z

Attributes

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 30 December 2022
Line 63:		Line 63:
	===Attributes===		===Attributes===
	The characteristics of pitta are:		The characteristics of pitta are:
	<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Slight unctuousness (sasneha or ishatsneha)[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li>Slight unctuousness (sasneha or ishatsneha)[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60][K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>Hot(ushna) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<li>Hot(ushna) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>Penetrating or sharp acting property (tikshna) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<li>Penetrating or sharp acting property (tikshna) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>Liquidity (drava) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<li>Liquidity (drava) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>[[Amla\|Sour (amla)]] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>		<li>[[Amla\|Sour (amla)]] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
	<li>Mobile (sara) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<li>Mobile (sara) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>[[Katu\|Pungent (katu)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>		<li>[[Katu\|Pungent (katu)]] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/60] [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
	<li>Raw meat odor (vistra or puti gandha) [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<li>Raw meat odor (vistra or puti gandha) [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/97] [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>Blue color (nila) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>		<li>Blue color (nila) [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
	<li>Yellow (pita) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>		<li>Yellow (pita) [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
	<li>Lightness (laghava) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 42/7]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>		<li>Lightness (laghava) [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 42/7]<ref name="ref2"/> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/11]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
	<li>Cleansing property (vishada) [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 42/7]<ref name="ref2"/></li></ul>		<li>Cleansing property (vishada) [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 42/7]<ref name="ref2"/></li></ul>
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is [[Katu\|pungent (katu)]] in completely formed or mature stage. It is [[Amla\|sour (amla)]] when in raw or incompletely formed stage. [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> Pitta is yellow in color in the mature stage and blue in color in raw stage. [ Dalhana on Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/><br/>Acharya Chakrapani described the two types of pitta: 1) sadrava and 2) nirdrava. Sadrava is the natural pitta with liquidity and unctuousness. Nirdrava causes [[Jwara\|fever(jwara)]] and other [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] and is dry(rukshta). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/217] <br/>These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle management of health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience pitta [[Dosha\|dosha]] vitiation leading to pitta disorders. Kashypa stated that pitta have all colors (varna) except white (shweta) and crimson red (aruna). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is [[Katu\|pungent (katu)]] in completely formed or mature stage. It is [[Amla\|sour (amla)]] when in raw or incompletely formed stage. [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/> Pitta is yellow in color in the mature stage and blue in color in raw stage. [ Dalhana on Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/11]<ref name="ref2"/><br/>Acharya Chakrapani described the two types of pitta: 1) sadrava and 2) nirdrava. Sadrava is the natural pitta with liquidity and unctuousness. Nirdrava causes [[Jwara\|fever(jwara)]] and other [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] and is dry(rukshta). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/217] <br/>These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle management of health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience pitta [[Dosha\|dosha]] vitiation leading to pitta disorders. Kashypa stated that pitta have all colors (varna) except white (shweta) and crimson red (aruna). [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/38-39]<ref name="ref9"/> </div>

	== Functions of Pitta ==		== Functions of Pitta ==

Agnivesha: /* Sites of pitta */

2022-12-30T10:38:26Z

Sites of pitta

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:38, 30 December 2022
Line 57:		Line 57:
	<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>		<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>
	<li>Eyes (drika) </li>		<li>Eyes (drika) </li>
	<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref></li></ul>		<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref></li></ul>
	Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya\|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya\|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya\|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]		Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya\|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya\|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya\|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]
	[[File:Fig2.jpg\|center\|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>		[[File:Fig2.jpg\|center\|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>

Agnivesha: /* Sites of pitta */

2022-12-30T10:37:54Z

Sites of pitta

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:37, 30 December 2022
Line 57:		Line 57:
	<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>		<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>
	<li>Eyes (drika) </li>		<li>Eyes (drika) </li>
	<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref></li></ul>		<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref></li></ul>
	Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya\|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya\|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya\|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]		Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya\|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya\|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya\|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]
	[[File:Fig2.jpg\|center\|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>		[[File:Fig2.jpg\|center\|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>

Agnivesha: /* Diagnosis: */

2022-12-30T05:17:49Z

Diagnosis:

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:17, 30 December 2022
Line 220:		Line 220:
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state of pitta dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of pitta dosha are burning sensation(daha), feeling of hotness (ushnata), suppuration(paka), strava(discharge), redness(raga) rigidity([[Stambhana\|stambhana]]), wasting ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]])and harshness(parusha). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/15] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] are caused due to an imbalance of pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]]).[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/14][Table 02]:</div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state of pitta dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of pitta dosha are burning sensation(daha), feeling of hotness (ushnata), suppuration(paka), strava(discharge), redness(raga) rigidity([[Stambhana\|stambhana]]), wasting ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]])and harshness(parusha). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/15] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] are caused due to an imbalance of pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]]).[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/14][Table 02]:</div>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 2: Disorders due to pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja vikara)<ref name="~~ref11~~"~~>Bhel. Bhel Samhita. Edited by Priya Vrat Sharma. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharti;2008.<~~/~~ref~~>		\|+ Table 2: Disorders due to pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja vikara)<ref name="ref10"/>
	\|-		\|-
	\| Heating (osha)		\| Heating (osha)

Agnivesha at 05:16, 30 December 2022

2022-12-30T05:16:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:16, 30 December 2022
Line 134:		Line 134:
	<li>Self esteem (abhimana)</li>		<li>Self esteem (abhimana)</li>
	<li>Enthusiasm (utsaha)</li>		<li>Enthusiasm (utsaha)</li>
	<li>Perception of word ([[Shabda\|shabda]]), touch ([[Sparsha\|sparsha]]) and odor ([[Gandha\|gandha]])[Bhe.Sa.4/8]<ref name="ref10"~~Bhel~~. ~~Bhel~~ Samhita. Edited by Priya Vrat Sharma. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharti;2008.</ref></li></ul>		<li>Perception of word ([[Shabda\|shabda]]), touch ([[Sparsha\|sparsha]]) and odor ([[Gandha\|gandha]])[Bhe.Sa.4/8]<ref name="ref10">Bhela. Bhela Samhita. Edited by Priya Vrat Sharma. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharti;2008.</ref></li></ul>
	\|-		\|-
	\| 04.		\| 04.

Agnivesha at 05:10, 30 December 2022

2022-12-30T05:10:06Z

Show changes

Agnivesha: /* Sites of pitta */

2022-12-29T11:27:26Z

Sites of pitta

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:27, 29 December 2022
Line 54:		Line 54:
	<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>		<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>
	<li>Eyes (drika) </li>		<li>Eyes (drika) </li>
	<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2],<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">~~Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000~~.</ref></li></ul>		<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita </ref></li></ul>
	Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya\|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya\|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya\|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]		Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya\|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> [[Amashaya]] (stomach) is located in between the breast (stana) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]). In [[Amashaya\|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya\|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]
	[[File:Fig2.jpg\|center\|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>		[[File:Fig2.jpg\|center\|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 30 December 2022
Line 95:		Line 95:
	[[File:Fig3.jpg\|center\|Figure 03: Categorization of the functions of pitta.]]<center>'''Figure 03: Categorization of the functions of pitta.'''</center>		[[File:Fig3.jpg\|center\|Figure 03: Categorization of the functions of pitta.]]<center>'''Figure 03: Categorization of the functions of pitta.'''</center>

	Acharya Sushruta first described five types of pitta and defined their particular functions as below:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/> [Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/>		Acharya Sushruta first described five types of pitta and defined their particular functions as below:[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/> [Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/>
	<ol><li>Imparting normal color (ragakriit): Ranjaka pitta</li>		<ol><li>Imparting normal color (ragakriit): Ranjaka pitta</li>
	<li>Process of digestion (paktikrt): Pachaka pitta</li>		<li>Process of digestion (paktikrt): Pachaka pitta</li>
Line 103:		Line 103:

	== Classification ==		== Classification ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>The classification of pitta is based on different functions and locations in human [[Sharira\|body]]. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/10]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/5]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/12-14]<ref name="ref8"/></div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>The classification of pitta is based on different functions and locations in human [[Sharira\|body]]. [Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/10]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/5]<ref name="ref5"/> [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/12-14]<ref name="ref8"/></div>

	=== Five types of pitta dosha, sites and functions: ===		=== Five types of pitta dosha, sites and functions: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pachaka, ranjaka, sadhaka, alochaka, and bhrajaka are the five types of pitta dosha. Five sets of functions by which pitta dosha is divided into five types are described. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/> The location and function of five types of pitta dosha are based on different Ayurvedic texts, as given in table 01. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pachaka, ranjaka, sadhaka, alochaka, and bhrajaka are the five types of pitta dosha. Five sets of functions by which pitta dosha is divided into five types are described. [Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/4]<ref name="ref2"/> The location and function of five types of pitta dosha are based on different Ayurvedic texts, as given in table 01. </div>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 01: Description of five types of pitta dosha		\|+ Table 01: Description of five types of pitta dosha
Line 166:		Line 166:

	=== [[Loka]] [[Purusha]] Samya ===		=== [[Loka]] [[Purusha]] Samya ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is responsible for all destruction or catabolism in the cosmos. The [[Agni mahabhuta\|agni mahabhuta]] is represented by the pitta dosha in human [[Sharira\|body]]. Nourishing ([[Visarga kala\|visarga]]), depleting ([[Adana kala\|adana]]) and distributing (vikshepa) in the universe are carried by the moon, sun and wind. Similarly, the human [[Sharira\|body]] has [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]], pitta, and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] performing the same functions, respectively. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 29/6]<ref name="ref2"/></div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta is responsible for all destruction or catabolism in the cosmos. The [[Agni mahabhuta\|agni mahabhuta]] is represented by the pitta dosha in human [[Sharira\|body]]. Nourishing ([[Visarga kala\|visarga]]), depleting ([[Adana kala\|adana]]) and distributing (vikshepa) in the universe are carried by the moon, sun and wind. Similarly, the human [[Sharira\|body]] has [[Kapha dosha\|kapha]], pitta, and [[Vata dosha\|vata]] performing the same functions, respectively. [Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 29/6]<ref name="ref2"/></div>

	=== Factors responsible for abnormal states of pitta ===		=== Factors responsible for abnormal states of pitta ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Certain factors cause excess or decline of pitta in the human [[Sharira\|body]]. These factors are natural or unavoidable and artificial or avoidable. </div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Certain factors cause excess or decline of pitta in the human [[Sharira\|body]]. These factors are natural or unavoidable and artificial or avoidable. </div>
	==== Natural factors ====		==== Natural factors ====
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>These factors are the essential component of biological rhythm occurring in the external as well as internal environment of the [[Sharira\|body]]. This natural increase is physiological. These factors are as follows:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name="ref2"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra ~~Sthana1~~/8]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra ~~Sthana12~~/20-21]<ref name="ref8"/> [A.Hr. Nidana Sthana1/16]<ref name="ref8"/>(Figure 05)		<div style='text-align:justify;'>These factors are the essential component of biological rhythm occurring in the external as well as internal environment of the [[Sharira\|body]]. This natural increase is physiological. These factors are as follows:[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/20]<ref name="ref2"/>, [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/8]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/20-21]<ref name="ref8"/> [A.Hr. Nidana Sthana1/16]<ref name="ref8"/>(Figure 05)
	<ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">[[Ritu\|Season (ritu)]]: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta undergoes natural accumulation in rainy season([[Varsha\|varsha]]), gets vitiated during [[Sharad\|autumn(sharada)]] and subsides to normal during [[Hemanta\|winter(hemant)]].</span></li>		<ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">[[Ritu\|Season (ritu)]]: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta undergoes natural accumulation in rainy season([[Varsha\|varsha]]), gets vitiated during [[Sharad\|autumn(sharada)]] and subsides to normal during [[Hemanta\|winter(hemant)]].</span></li>
	<li style="font-weight: bold;">Various stages of digestion of food: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta gets vitiated during the meal digestion (jiryteanne).</span></li>		<li style="font-weight: bold;">Various stages of digestion of food: <span style="font-weight:normal">Pitta gets vitiated during the meal digestion (jiryteanne).</span></li>
Line 178:		Line 178:
	[[File:Fig5.jpg\|center\|Figure 05: Natural factors responsible for increase in pitta.]]<center>'''Figure 05: Natural factors responsible for increase in pitta.'''</center></div>		[[File:Fig5.jpg\|center\|Figure 05: Natural factors responsible for increase in pitta.]]<center>'''Figure 05: Natural factors responsible for increase in pitta.'''</center></div>
	==== Acquired factors ====		==== Acquired factors ====
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>Acquired factors cause vitiation of pitta dosha other than natural factors. These are avoidable and used in clinical practice through the concept of [[Samanya Vishesha Theory\|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]. These factors are as follows: [Su.Sa. Sutra ~~Sthana21~~/22]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Nidana Sthana 1 /16]<ref name="ref8"/>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>Acquired factors cause vitiation of pitta dosha other than natural factors. These are avoidable and used in clinical practice through the concept of [[Samanya Vishesha Theory\|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]. These factors are as follows: [Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/22]<ref name="ref2"/> [A.Hr. Nidana Sthana 1 /16]<ref name="ref8"/>
	<ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">Diet([[Dravya\|dravya]]) and a particular property of diet: <span style="font-weight:normal">Food with the dominance of [[Katu\|pungent (katu)]], [[Amla\|sour (amla)]], and [[Lavana\|salty (lavana)]] taste, hot potency cause aggravation of pitta dosha. Intake of insufficient quantity at the improper time leads to vitiation of pitta dosha.</span></li>		<ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">Diet([[Dravya\|dravya]]) and a particular property of diet: <span style="font-weight:normal">Food with the dominance of [[Katu\|pungent (katu)]], [[Amla\|sour (amla)]], and [[Lavana\|salty (lavana)]] taste, hot potency cause aggravation of pitta dosha. Intake of insufficient quantity at the improper time leads to vitiation of pitta dosha.</span></li>
	<li style="font-weight: bold;">Lifestyle and other activities: <span style="font-weight:normal">Fasting ([[Upavasa\|upavasa]]), overstrain (ayasa) and excessive sexual indulgence (maithuna upagamana)</span></li>		<li style="font-weight: bold;">Lifestyle and other activities: <span style="font-weight:normal">Fasting ([[Upavasa\|upavasa]]), overstrain (ayasa) and excessive sexual indulgence (maithuna upagamana)</span></li>
Line 189:		Line 189:

	=== Hyperfunctioning of pitta (vriddhi lakshana): ===		=== Hyperfunctioning of pitta (vriddhi lakshana): ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>When pitta levels increase, the [[Sharira\|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as stated below: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/13]<ref name="ref2"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 11/7]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. Sutra Sthana 19/5]<ref name="ref5"/>:		<div style='text-align:justify;'>When pitta levels increase, the [[Sharira\|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as stated below: [Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/13]<ref name="ref2"/>, [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/7]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 19/5]<ref name="ref5"/>:
	<ul><li>Yellowish coloration of stool([[Purisha\|purisha]]), urine([[Mutra\|mutra]]), eyes(netra) and skin(twacha). </li>		<ul><li>Yellowish coloration of stool([[Purisha\|purisha]]), urine([[Mutra\|mutra]]), eyes(netra) and skin(twacha). </li>
	<li>Increased hunger (kshudha) </li>		<li>Increased hunger (kshudha) </li>
Line 205:		Line 205:

	=== Hypo functioning of pitta (kshaya lakshana): ===		=== Hypo functioning of pitta (kshaya lakshana): ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>When pitta levels decline, the [[Sharira\|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below: [Su.Sa. Sutra ~~Sthana15~~/7]<ref name="ref3"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra ~~Sthana11~~/16]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. Sutra ~~Sthana19~~/8]<ref name="ref5"/>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>When pitta levels decline, the [[Sharira\|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below: [Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/7]<ref name="ref3"/>, [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/16]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 19/8]<ref name="ref5"/>
	<ul><li>Poor digestive capacity and decreased digestive functions (manda anala) </li>		<ul><li>Poor digestive capacity and decreased digestive functions (manda anala) </li>
	<li>Coldness(shita) </li>		<li>Coldness(shita) </li>
Line 218:		Line 218:

	=== Diagnosis: ===		=== Diagnosis: ===
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state of pitta dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of pitta dosha are burning sensation(daha), feeling of hotness (ushnata), suppuration(paka), strava(discharge), redness(raga) rigidity([[Stambhana\|stambhana]]), wasting ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]])and harshness(parusha). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/15] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] are caused due to an imbalance of pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]]).[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/14][Table 02]:</div>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state of pitta dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of pitta dosha are burning sensation(daha), feeling of hotness (ushnata), suppuration(paka), strava(discharge), redness(raga) rigidity([[Stambhana\|stambhana]]), wasting ([[Shosha Nidana\|shosha]])and harshness(parusha). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/15] [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] are caused due to an imbalance of pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]]).[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/14][Table 02]:</div>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 2: Disorders due to pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja vikara)<ref name="ref10"/>		\|+ Table 2: Disorders due to pitta dosha (pitta nanatmaja vikara)<ref name="ref10"/>
Line 289:		Line 289:

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	<div style='text-align:justify;'>To manage and prevent [[Vyadhi\|disease]], the clinician shall follow the theory of similarity and dissimilarity ([[Samanya Vishesha Theory\|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]). Avoiding diet and lifestyle factors similar to properties of pitta dosha is required to pacify it. Contrarily, the decline of pitta dosha is treated by consuming foods and lifestyles that stimulate it. Therapeutic purgation ([[Virechana\|virechana]]) is the best intervention indicated for vitiated pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/16] [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40] <br/>Ingestion of milk and [[Ghee\|ghee]] (ghrita) is best for the treatment of pitta. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/> <br/>The herbs having [[Madhura\|sweet]], [[Tikta\|bitter]], [[Kashaya\|astringent]], and cold qualities used in single or combination along with therapies like [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|oleation]], [[Virechana\|purgation]], massage and shower etc. are helpful in the treatment of pitta disorders. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/16] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/>		<div style='text-align:justify;'>To manage and prevent [[Vyadhi\|disease]], the clinician shall follow the theory of similarity and dissimilarity ([[Samanya Vishesha Theory\|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]). Avoiding diet and lifestyle factors similar to properties of pitta dosha is required to pacify it. Contrarily, the decline of pitta dosha is treated by consuming foods and lifestyles that stimulate it. Therapeutic purgation ([[Virechana\|virechana]]) is the best intervention indicated for vitiated pitta.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/16] [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40] <br/>Ingestion of milk and [[Ghee\|ghee]] (ghrita) is best for the treatment of pitta. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40] [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/> <br/>The herbs having [[Madhura\|sweet]], [[Tikta\|bitter]], [[Kashaya\|astringent]], and cold qualities used in single or combination along with therapies like [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|oleation]], [[Virechana\|purgation]], massage and shower etc. are helpful in the treatment of pitta disorders. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/16] [K.S. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/39]<ref name="ref9"/>
	<br/>'''Dietary modification:''' Three tastes ([[Rasa\|rasa]]) that help in controlling the vitiated pitta are – [[Madhura\|sweet (madhura)]], [[Tikta\|bitter (tikta)]] and [[Kashaya\|astringent (kashaya)]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/66] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/>		<br/>'''Dietary modification:''' Three tastes ([[Rasa\|rasa]]) that help in controlling the vitiated pitta are – [[Madhura\|sweet (madhura)]], [[Tikta\|bitter (tikta)]] and [[Kashaya\|astringent (kashaya)]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/66] [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/>
	<br/>'''Lifestyle modification:''' Following modifications in lifestyles and measures help to maintain equilibrium of pitta dosha and manage its disorders.		<br/>'''Lifestyle modification:''' Following modifications in lifestyles and measures help to maintain equilibrium of pitta dosha and manage its disorders.
	<ul><li>Frequent application of paste of cool substances like kapur (camphor), [[Chandana\|Chandana]] (sandalwood), and ushira (Khashkhash grass) over [[Sharira\|body]]</li>		<ul><li>Frequent application of paste of cool substances like kapur (camphor), [[Chandana\|Chandana]] (sandalwood), and ushira (Khashkhash grass) over [[Sharira\|body]]</li>
Line 298:		Line 298:
	<li>Companionship of individuals who talk honestly and innocuously</li>		<li>Companionship of individuals who talk honestly and innocuously</li>
	<li>Living near ponds, parks, and fountains with fresh water</li>		<li>Living near ponds, parks, and fountains with fresh water</li>
	<li>Wearing garlands/necklaces with appealing and cooling nature.[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/></li></ul></div>		<li>Wearing garlands/necklaces with appealing and cooling nature.[A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/4-9]<ref name="ref8"/></li></ul></div>

	== Current researches ==		== Current researches ==