Linga - Revision history

Agnivesha at 09:11, 24 February 2024

2024-02-24T09:11:12Z

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	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>4</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>4</sup>

	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations

Agnivesha at 11:57, 7 March 2023

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	<~~div~~ style='text-align:justify;'>		<p style="text-align:justify;">The term linga (rupa) means clinical features i.e., signs (chinnha), and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of a disease.(Code: SAT-D)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda.</ref>The clinical features of the disease are vital predictors of the severity of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Linga is a crucial component in understanding disease prognosis and other aspects of nidanapanchaka (five factors necessary for understanding the severity, potency, pathology, and prognosis). [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/6]
	The term linga (rupa) means clinical features i.e., signs (chinnha), and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of a disease.(Code: SAT-D)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda.</ref>The clinical features of the disease are vital predictors of the severity of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Linga is a crucial component in understanding disease prognosis and other aspects of nidanapanchaka (five factors necessary for understanding the severity, potency, pathology, and prognosis). [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/6]		<br/>

	Cardinal features are specific clinical features of a disease. Frequent defecation with variable consistency of stools (muhurbaddham muhurdravam mala) is a cardinal feature of disorders of digestion and metabolism (grahanidosha).		Cardinal features are specific clinical features of a disease. Frequent defecation with variable consistency of stools (muhurbaddham muhurdravam mala) is a cardinal feature of disorders of digestion and metabolism (grahanidosha).
			<br/>
	Linga is one of the three most essential aspects described in the trisutra principle [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] of [[Ayurveda]] i.e., etiology ([[hetu]]), clinical features (linga), and intervention ([[aushadha]]). It is necessary for the precise knowledge and practice of Ayurvedic medicines and treatment techniques. The treatment should be prescribed only after thoroughly examining causative factors ([[hetu]]) and the signs and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of the disease.<ref>Shukla DJ, Patel NC, Vyas H. Yogaśataka of pandita vararuci. Ancient Sci Life 2016;36:110-3.</ref>		Linga is one of the three most essential aspects described in the trisutra principle [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] of [[Ayurveda]] i.e., etiology ([[hetu]]), clinical features (linga), and intervention ([[aushadha]]). It is necessary for the precise knowledge and practice of Ayurvedic medicines and treatment techniques. The treatment should be prescribed only after thoroughly examining causative factors ([[hetu]]) and the signs and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of the disease.<ref>Shukla DJ, Patel NC, Vyas H. Yogaśataka of pandita vararuci. Ancient Sci Life 2016;36:110-3.</ref>
			<br/>
	All systems of medicine rely primarily on the clinical features of the diseases to investigate, assess and plan the intervention accordingly. This article describes the etymology, synonyms, classification, identification methods, and importance of linga/rupa in medical practice.		All systems of medicine rely primarily on the clinical features of the diseases to investigate, assess and plan the intervention accordingly. This article describes the etymology, synonyms, classification, identification methods, and importance of linga/rupa in medical practice.
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	{{Infobox		{{Infobox

Agnivesha at 03:11, 21 September 2022

2022-09-21T03:11:45Z

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	{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	\|title=Linga		\|title=Linga

Eganeesh at 05:00, 15 June 2022

2022-06-15T05:00:07Z

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	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharir, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharir, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India
	<sup>2</sup> Department of Roga Nidana Vikriti Vigyan, A.I.I.A.,New Delhi, India		<sup>2</sup> Department of Roga Nidana Vikriti Vigyan, A.I.I.A.,New Delhi, India
	<sup>3</sup>~~[[Charak Samhita Research~~, ~~Training and Development Centre]]~~, ~~I.T~~.R.A.~~, Jamnagar, India~~		<sup>3</sup>Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
	<sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India		<sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

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	\|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in		\|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in

	\|label7 = ~~Date of first publication:~~		\|label7 = Publisher
	\|data7 = ~~April 28~~, ~~2022~~		\|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

	\|label8 = DOI		\|label8 = Date of first publication:
	\|~~data8~~ = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.095		\|data8 = April 28, 2022

			\|label9 = DOI
			\|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.095
	}}		}}

Eganeesh at 11:54, 14 June 2022

2022-06-14T11:54:09Z

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	\|label8 = DOI		\|label8 = DOI
	\|data8 = ~~under process~~		\|data8 = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.095
	}}		}}

Eganeesh: /* Research theses */

2022-04-29T05:55:47Z

Research theses

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	#Reddy B.P.S. (1961): Panchanidana men upashaya. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.		#Reddy B.P.S. (1961): Panchanidana men upashaya. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.
	#Grover Suman (1962): Lakshansammuchchatyavimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.		#Grover Suman (1962): Lakshansammuchchatyavimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.
	#Sharma K.M. (1962): Lakshanavimarsha(~~kaphajalakshanavishishitavimarshasahita~~. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.		#Sharma K.M. (1962): Lakshanavimarsha (kaphajalakshana vishishitavimarshasahita. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
	#Mishra D.D. (1963): Pitta ki ~~UshnaGunatah SantapaLakshana~~ Vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.		#Mishra D.D. (1963): Pitta ki Ushna Gunatah Santapa Lakshana Vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
	#Tewari Jagdish (1963): ~~KasaRoga~~ evam lakshana vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.		#Tewari Jagdish (1963): Kasa Roga evam lakshana vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.

	</div>		</div>

Eganeesh: /* Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana) */

2022-04-29T05:53:58Z

Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)

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	=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===		=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===

	A diagnostic pathological report: The distinctive and peculiar clinical features of an illness are cardinal features. Mahamad Yunus S et al. concentrated on gaining a scientific grasp of cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)'s distinctiveness and role as a diagnostic pathological report.<ref>MahamadYunus S. Nabooji, Amit K., Sandhya G., Komal R. PratyatmaLakshana: A Diagnostic Pathological Report. Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 2019; 12(1):9-12.</ref>		A diagnostic pathological report: The distinctive and peculiar clinical features of an illness are cardinal features. Mahamad Yunus S et. al. concentrated on gaining a scientific grasp of cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)'s distinctiveness and role as a diagnostic pathological report.<ref>MahamadYunus S. Nabooji, Amit K., Sandhya G., Komal R. PratyatmaLakshana: A Diagnostic Pathological Report. Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 2019; 12(1):9-12.</ref>

	=== Understanding proper oleation ===		=== Understanding proper oleation ===

Eganeesh: /* Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana) */

2022-04-29T05:53:41Z

Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana)

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	=== Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana) ===		=== Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana) ===

	In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju B et al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>		In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju B et. al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>

	=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===		=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===

Eganeesh: /* Validation of tool of dhatu samya lakshana */

2022-04-29T05:39:04Z

Validation of tool of dhatu samya lakshana

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	For illness diagnosis and management, every science is dependent on the linga of the condition. Because there was no accessible instrument or diagnostic test in ancient times, the physician had to analyze, observe the linga, and finally conclude the diagnosis. The arishta lakshana can be linked to modern-day death signals [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]]]. Murmure Rasika B et al. elaborated the concept of death signs mentioned in Charak Samhita with the impending indicators just before death and up to six months before death.<ref>Murmure Rasika B Et Al: CharkoktaArishtaLakshanas And Contemporary Signs Of Death. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal {online} 2017 {cited November, 2017}</ref>		For illness diagnosis and management, every science is dependent on the linga of the condition. Because there was no accessible instrument or diagnostic test in ancient times, the physician had to analyze, observe the linga, and finally conclude the diagnosis. The arishta lakshana can be linked to modern-day death signals [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]]]. Murmure Rasika B et al. elaborated the concept of death signs mentioned in Charak Samhita with the impending indicators just before death and up to six months before death.<ref>Murmure Rasika B Et Al: CharkoktaArishtaLakshanas And Contemporary Signs Of Death. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal {online} 2017 {cited November, 2017}</ref>

	=== Validation of tool of ~~dhatu samya~~ lakshana ===		=== Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana) ===

	In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (~~dhatu samya~~) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju, B et al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>		In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju B et al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>

	=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===		=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===

Eganeesh: /* Applicability of concept of linga (rupa) */

2022-04-29T05:35:02Z

Applicability of concept of linga (rupa)

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	==Applicability of concept of linga (rupa)==		==Applicability of concept of linga (rupa)==

	*The use of Ayurvedic concepts in modern scientific techniques such as proteomics, genomics, and technology is required to develop inexpensive and cost-effective healthcare solutions. It will be based on a blend of [[Ayurveda]] and modern scientific understanding. Ayurveda's ~~Trisutra~~ concept [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] is the foundation for a predictive, personalized, and preventative approach to maintaining good health and management of the disease. The predictive (understanding of the future disease), personalized (individual-specific variability), preventive (utilization of the concept of dietary and lifestyle modification), and promotive (enhancement of the health) medicine, along with understanding the basic physiology and pathology is the key area of concept of linga (rupa/lakshana/clinical Features) applicability.		*The use of Ayurvedic concepts in modern scientific techniques such as proteomics, genomics, and technology is required to develop inexpensive and cost-effective healthcare solutions. It will be based on a blend of [[Ayurveda]] and modern scientific understanding. Ayurveda's trisutra concept [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] is the foundation for a predictive, personalized, and preventative approach to maintaining good health and management of the disease. The predictive (understanding of the future disease), personalized (individual-specific variability), preventive (utilization of the concept of dietary and lifestyle modification), and promotive (enhancement of the health) medicine, along with understanding the basic physiology and pathology is the key area of concept of linga (rupa/lakshana/clinical Features) applicability.
	*From a research perspective, the concept of linga plays a crucial role in finalizing the diagnosis criterion for different groups in the study. It is also used to determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. In this contemporary era, where every science depends mainly on the evidence-based approach toward treatment and maximized use of diagnostic investigations, linga (clinical features) still play a prime role of key importance in the diagnosis and management of the disease.		*From a research perspective, the concept of linga plays a crucial role in finalizing the diagnosis criterion for different groups in the study. It is also used to determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. In this contemporary era, where every science depends mainly on the evidence-based approach toward treatment and maximized use of diagnostic investigations, linga (clinical features) still play a prime role of key importance in the diagnosis and management of the disease.