Janapadodhvansa - Revision history

Agnivesha at 09:44, 24 February 2024

2024-02-24T09:44:41Z

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	\|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>, <br/>Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>2</sup>		\|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>, <br/>Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>2</sup>
	\|label3 = Reviewer		\|label3 = Reviewer
	\|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>,		\|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>,
	\|label4 = Editor		\|label4 = Editor
	\|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>4</sup>		\|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>4</sup>
	\|label5 = Affiliations		\|label5 = Affiliations
	\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Department of Department of Samhita Siddhant, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India		\|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>2</sup> Department of Department of Samhita Siddhant, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India <br/><sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. <br/><sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

Agnivesha at 14:01, 3 June 2023

2023-06-03T14:01:07Z

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	[[File:Management of janapadodhvansa1.jpg\|center\|Management of janapadodhvansa]]		[[File:Management of janapadodhvansa1.jpg\|center\|1000px\|Management of janapadodhvansa]]

	== Contemporary and applied aspects of janapadodhvansa ==		== Contemporary and applied aspects of janapadodhvansa ==

Agnivesha at 13:59, 3 June 2023

2023-06-03T13:59:01Z

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	[[File:Management of ~~janapadodhvansa~~.jpg\|center\|Management of janapadodhvansa]]		[[File:Management of janapadodhvansa1.jpg\|center\|Management of janapadodhvansa]]

	== Contemporary and applied aspects of janapadodhvansa ==		== Contemporary and applied aspects of janapadodhvansa ==

Agnivesha: /* Recent research work done with regard to janapadodhvansa */

2023-06-03T07:04:37Z

Recent research work done with regard to janapadodhvansa

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	</span></li></ol>		</span></li></ol>

	== Recent ~~research work done with regard to janapadodhvansa~~ ==		== Recent researches ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>As mentioned earlier the pandemics have been a pressing problems since centuries altogether. The published data suggests that there have three pandemics of plague (since 5th century AD), 7 pandemics of cholera(17th century AD), Influenza related pandemics (17th century AD) like Russian Flu, Spanish Flu, Swine Flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in the past and Covid 19 (21st century) being the most recent.<ref name="ref60">Piret J and Boivin G (2021) Pandemics Throughout History. Front. Microbiol. 11:631736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736</ref> The data from WHO sugggets that Covid 19 is still prevalent in most of the parts of the world and as of 9 April 2023 more than 762 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally.<ref name="ref61">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 13 April 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---13-april-2023</ref> <br/>The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic attracted the attention of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] fraternity towards the concept of Janapadodhvansa and its importance in preservation of [[Health\|health]] of entire community. Significant research work was thus carried out in this purview keeping janapadodhvansa in [[Manas\|mind]]. Few such works are mentioned are mentioned belowHowever epidemiological assessment of various [[Hetu\|Hetu]] and Lakshana should be done accordingly</p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>As mentioned earlier the pandemics have been a pressing problems since centuries altogether. The published data suggests that there have three pandemics of plague (since 5th century AD), 7 pandemics of cholera(17th century AD), Influenza related pandemics (17th century AD) like Russian Flu, Spanish Flu, Swine Flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in the past and Covid 19 (21st century) being the most recent.<ref name="ref60">Piret J and Boivin G (2021) Pandemics Throughout History. Front. Microbiol. 11:631736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736</ref> The data from WHO sugggets that Covid 19 is still prevalent in most of the parts of the world and as of 9 April 2023 more than 762 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally.<ref name="ref61">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 13 April 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---13-april-2023</ref> <br/>The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic attracted the attention of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] fraternity towards the concept of Janapadodhvansa and its importance in preservation of [[Health\|health]] of entire community. Significant research work was thus carried out in this purview keeping janapadodhvansa in [[Manas\|mind]]. Few such works are mentioned are mentioned belowHowever epidemiological assessment of various [[Hetu\|Hetu]] and Lakshana should be done accordingly</p>
	<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>In the review article entitled “Scientific aspects of Janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]] in the context to [[Jwara\|Jwara]]—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach” authors have tried to throw light upon the scientific aspects of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]] in light of epidemiology by correlating the epidemiological triad with trisutra i.e. epidemiological triad i.e. Host, agent and environment.<ref name="ref62">Joglekar AA, Vyas MK, Bhojani MK. Scientific aspects of Janapadodhwansa Vyadhi (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach. J Indian Sys Medicine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10:176-85. Available from: https://www.joinsysmed.com/text.asp?2022/10/3/176/357681</ref></li>		<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>In the review article entitled “Scientific aspects of Janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]] in the context to [[Jwara\|Jwara]]—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach” authors have tried to throw light upon the scientific aspects of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]] in light of epidemiology by correlating the epidemiological triad with trisutra i.e. epidemiological triad i.e. Host, agent and environment.<ref name="ref62">Joglekar AA, Vyas MK, Bhojani MK. Scientific aspects of Janapadodhwansa Vyadhi (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach. J Indian Sys Medicine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10:176-85. Available from: https://www.joinsysmed.com/text.asp?2022/10/3/176/357681</ref></li>

Agnivesha: /* Related Chapters */

2023-06-03T05:26:42Z

Related Chapters

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:26, 3 June 2023
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	== Related Chapters ==		== Related Chapters ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Janapadodhvansaniya Vimana (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3), [[Ritucharya\|Ritucharya]] Adhyaya (Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutrasthana]] 6)</p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Janapadodhvansaniya Vimana [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3], [[Ritucharya\|Ritucharya]] Adhyaya [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutrasthana]] 6]</p>

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Agnivesha: /* Management of janapadodhvansa (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/13-18) */

2023-06-03T05:21:32Z

Management of janapadodhvansa (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/13-18)

Agnivesha at 12:02, 21 May 2023

2023-05-21T12:02:06Z

Show changes

Agnivesha at 09:22, 21 May 2023

2023-05-21T09:22:10Z

Agnivesha at 09:03, 21 May 2023

2023-05-21T09:03:38Z

Show changes

Agnivesha: /* Causes of janapadodhvansa */

2023-05-21T08:08:36Z

Causes of janapadodhvansa

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 21 May 2023
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	\|rowspan="10"\| Vayu		\|rowspan="10"\| Vayu
	\| Vishama vayu - showing characteristics contradictory to normal air conditions		\| Vishama vayu - showing characteristics contradictory to normal air conditions
	\| This represents the climate change that causes impact on the social and environmental determinants of [[Health\|health]].<ref name="ref1~~"><cite class="book~~">Climate change [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/climate-change~~</cite>~~</ref>		\| This represents the climate change that causes impact on the social and environmental determinants of [[Health\|health]].<ref name="ref1">Climate change [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/climate-change</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| Atichala – fast blowing winds / squall		\| Atichala – fast blowing winds / squall

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	\| Japa (meditation), <br/>homa (sacred offering to fire), <br/>Ijya (sacred offerings)		\| Japa (meditation), <br/>homa (sacred offering to fire), <br/>Ijya (sacred offerings)
	\|		\|
	* This again includes performing the religious deeds and offerings to sacred fire which help to curb the negativity in the atmosphere and mind.<ref name="ref35"> Nair RR. Agnihotra Yajna: A Prototype of South Asian Traditional Medical Knowledge. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10(2):143–50. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2005290116301728</ref>		* This again includes performing the religious deeds and offerings to sacred fire which help to curb the negativity in the atmosphere and [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref35"> Nair RR. Agnihotra Yajna: A Prototype of South Asian Traditional Medical Knowledge. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10(2):143–50. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2005290116301728</ref>
	* Recent researches have proved its positive effects on [[Health\|health]]		* Recent researches have proved its positive effects on [[Health\|health]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Anjali namaskara <br/>(greetings with folded hands, <br/>avoiding personal contact)		\| Anjali namaskara <br/>(greetings with folded hands, <br/>avoiding personal contact)
	\|		\|
	* This again includes the spiritual awakening promoting the positivity in mind		* This again includes the spiritual awakening promoting the positivity in [[Manas\|mind]]
	* This also implicates avoidance of personal contact during greeting or welcoming the strangers		* This also implicates avoidance of personal contact during greeting or welcoming the strangers
	\|-		\|-
	\| Tapa (following spiritual path), <br/>dana (charity), <br/>niyama (following proper regulations), <br/>daya (compassion), <br/>diksha (rites), <br/>guru abhigama (serving the elderly and teachers)		\| Tapa (following spiritual path), <br/>[[Dana\|dana (charity)]], <br/>niyama (following proper regulations), <br/>daya (compassion), <br/>diksha (rites), <br/>guru abhigama (serving the elderly and teachers)
	\|		\|
	* These include the measures followed for mental and social decorum facilitating the mental [[Health\|health]].		* These include the measures followed for mental and social decorum facilitating the mental [[Health\|health]].
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	== Recent research work done with regard to janapadodhvansa ==		== Recent research work done with regard to janapadodhvansa ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>As mentioned earlier the pandemics have been a pressing problems since centuries altogether. The published data suggests that there have three pandemics of plague (since 5th century AD) , 7 pandemics of cholera(17th century AD), Influenza related pandemics (17th century AD) like Russian Flu, Spanish Flu, Swine Flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in the past and Covid 19 (21st century) being the most recent.<ref name="ref60">Piret J and Boivin G (2021) Pandemics Throughout History. Front. Microbiol. 11:631736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736</ref> The data from WHO sugggets that Covid 19 is still prevalent in most of the parts of the world and as of 9 April 2023 more than 762 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally.<ref name="ref61">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 13 April 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---13-april-2023</ref> <br/>The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic attracted the attention of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] fraternity towards the concept of Janapadodhvansa and its importance in preservation of [[Health\|health]] of entire community. Significant research work was thus carried out in this purview keeping janapadodhvansa in mind. Few such works are mentioned are mentioned belowHowever epidemiological assessment of various [[Hetu\|Hetu]] and Lakshana should be done accordingly</p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>As mentioned earlier the pandemics have been a pressing problems since centuries altogether. The published data suggests that there have three pandemics of plague (since 5th century AD) , 7 pandemics of cholera(17th century AD), Influenza related pandemics (17th century AD) like Russian Flu, Spanish Flu, Swine Flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in the past and Covid 19 (21st century) being the most recent.<ref name="ref60">Piret J and Boivin G (2021) Pandemics Throughout History. Front. Microbiol. 11:631736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736</ref> The data from WHO sugggets that Covid 19 is still prevalent in most of the parts of the world and as of 9 April 2023 more than 762 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally.<ref name="ref61">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 13 April 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---13-april-2023</ref> <br/>The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic attracted the attention of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] fraternity towards the concept of Janapadodhvansa and its importance in preservation of [[Health\|health]] of entire community. Significant research work was thus carried out in this purview keeping janapadodhvansa in [[Manas\|mind]]. Few such works are mentioned are mentioned belowHowever epidemiological assessment of various [[Hetu\|Hetu]] and Lakshana should be done accordingly</p>
	<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>In the review article entitled “Scientific aspects of Janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]] in the context to [[Jwara\|Jwara]]—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach” authors have tried to throw light upon the scientific aspects of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]] in light of epidemiology by correlating the epidemiological triad with trisutra i.e. epidemiological triad i.e. Host, agent and environment.<ref name="ref62">Joglekar AA, Vyas MK, Bhojani MK. Scientific aspects of Janapadodhwansa Vyadhi (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach. J Indian Sys Medicine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10:176-85. Available from: https://www.joinsysmed.com/text.asp?2022/10/3/176/357681</ref></li>		<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>In the review article entitled “Scientific aspects of Janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]] in the context to [[Jwara\|Jwara]]—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach” authors have tried to throw light upon the scientific aspects of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]] in light of epidemiology by correlating the epidemiological triad with trisutra i.e. epidemiological triad i.e. Host, agent and environment.<ref name="ref62">Joglekar AA, Vyas MK, Bhojani MK. Scientific aspects of Janapadodhwansa Vyadhi (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach. J Indian Sys Medicine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10:176-85. Available from: https://www.joinsysmed.com/text.asp?2022/10/3/176/357681</ref></li>
	<li>Review article entitled “Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment” focuses on the major causes of janapadodhvansa and purification of impure soil, water and air mentioned according to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]].<ref name="ref63">Anuradha G. Patil, Hemlata Krishnarao Belorkar, Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(1):275-278.		<li>Review article entitled “Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment” focuses on the major causes of janapadodhvansa and purification of impure soil, water and air mentioned according to [[Ayurveda\|Ayurveda]].<ref name="ref63">Anuradha G. Patil, Hemlata Krishnarao Belorkar, Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(1):275-278.

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:21, 3 June 2023
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	<p style='text-align:justify;'>[[Jwara\|Jwara]] is characterized as a condition affecting both physical and mental wellbeing. It is the chief disorder amongst all other [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] affecting every living being at the time of birth and death. (Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana\|Nidana Sthana]] 1/35) Most of the epidemics related to infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] are types of influenza or are almost always associated with fever.<ref name="ref26">Microbial Threats I of M (US) F on. Infectious Disease Emergence: Past, Present, and Future [Internet]. Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press (US); 2009 [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45714/</ref> Outbreak of Spanish Flu, dengue fever, swine flu, bird flu, typhoid, cholera, and even the present day COVID-19 are examples of [[Jwara\|jwara]] that resulted in some or the other form of janapadodhvansa.<ref name="ref27">Baker RE, Mahmud AS, Miller IF, et al. Infectious disease in an era of global change. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(4):193-205. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z</ref> <br/>Sushruta (Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 6/21) on the other hand has also explained few other manifestations of maraka like [[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa]] (cough, bronchitis, lower respiratory tract infections), [[Shwasa\|shwasa]] (respiratory infections, pneumonia), vamathu (gastric disturbance, nausea), pratishyaya (rhinitis, coryza or upper respiratory tract infections), shiroruja (headache) besides [[Jwara\|jwara]]. These are also commonly observed infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] posing havoc in the community. <br/>Similarly, Sushruta mentions that the infection can also spread through surface contact with things like beddings, blankets, seating arrangement, vehicles, jewellery and accessories. (Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 6/21)</p>		<p style='text-align:justify;'>[[Jwara\|Jwara]] is characterized as a condition affecting both physical and mental wellbeing. It is the chief disorder amongst all other [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] affecting every living being at the time of birth and death. (Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana\|Nidana Sthana]] 1/35) Most of the epidemics related to infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] are types of influenza or are almost always associated with fever.<ref name="ref26">Microbial Threats I of M (US) F on. Infectious Disease Emergence: Past, Present, and Future [Internet]. Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press (US); 2009 [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45714/</ref> Outbreak of Spanish Flu, dengue fever, swine flu, bird flu, typhoid, cholera, and even the present day COVID-19 are examples of [[Jwara\|jwara]] that resulted in some or the other form of janapadodhvansa.<ref name="ref27">Baker RE, Mahmud AS, Miller IF, et al. Infectious disease in an era of global change. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(4):193-205. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z</ref> <br/>Sushruta (Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 6/21) on the other hand has also explained few other manifestations of maraka like [[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa]] (cough, bronchitis, lower respiratory tract infections), [[Shwasa\|shwasa]] (respiratory infections, pneumonia), vamathu (gastric disturbance, nausea), pratishyaya (rhinitis, coryza or upper respiratory tract infections), shiroruja (headache) besides [[Jwara\|jwara]]. These are also commonly observed infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] posing havoc in the community. <br/>Similarly, Sushruta mentions that the infection can also spread through surface contact with things like beddings, blankets, seating arrangement, vehicles, jewellery and accessories. (Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 6/21)</p>

	== Management of janapadodhvansa ~~(Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/13-18)~~ ==		== Management of janapadodhvansa ==
	<p style='text-align:justify;'>Acharya Charaka mentions the need of collection of medicinal herbs and commodities which are important for supporting the [[Ayu\|life]] in emergencies or epidemics beforehand, as there can be scarcity of the even most basic [[Ayu\|life]] needs during such period. (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/4~~) This~~ denotes the basis of disaster management and ~~organisation~~ of healthcare facilities during epidemics. The hospitals should be well prepared with all the emergency and required facilities to combat the [[Health\|health]] consequences of disasters.<ref name="ref28">Hospital Preparedness for Epidemics [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/hospital-preparedness-for-epidemics</ref> <br/>The principal line of treatment in the management of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] like [[Jwara\|jwara]] is [[Pachana\|pachana]] (medications enhancing digestion), [[Vamana\|vamana]] (therapeutic emesis) and [[Apatarpana\|apatarpana]] (depleting procedures). (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/40) Ushnodaka (warm water) helps in achieving all the above criteria. It is also indicated for the treatment of [[Jwara\|jwara]] as it pacifies [[Vata dosha\|vata]] and [[Kapha dosha\|kapha dosha]]. (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/40) It facilitates digestion and relieves anorexia due to its [[Deepana\|deepana]] (appetizing), [[Pachana\|pachana (digestion)]] properties. It ~~satiatestrishna~~ (~~thirst~~), when consumed even in small quantities. Its consumption is especially indicated in management of conditions like [[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa (cough)]], peenasa (sinusitis), nava [[Jwara\|jwara]] (pyrexia), [[Shwasa\|shwasa]] (breathing abnormality), etc. which represent majority of infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]].(Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/58) <br/>The generalized principles for management of janapadodhvansa include the measures for the promotion, preservation and correction of both physical and mental [[Health\|health]]. The [[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]] is the main line of treatment in these conditions. (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/13) [[Vamana\|Vamana]] is important for the radical removal of vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] especially the [[Kapha dosha\|kapha dosha]] and helps in pacifying the [[Jwara\|jwara]] and nausea (hrillasa) related conditions associated with the infection. (Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/146) [[Virechana\|Virechana]] also helps to evacuate the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] through the faeces and corrects the [[Agni\|agni]] vitiation. (Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/169) [[Basti\|Basti]] controls the vitiated [[Vata dosha\|vata]] and helps in excretion of the toxins and ~~faecal~~ matter from the bowel region. (Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana\|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/40) Due to [[Nasya\|nasya]] or nasal instillation invading pathogens get adsorbed on the surface restricting their growth and further ~~progressiom~~. [[Nasya\|Nasya]] is thus particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|Snehana]] (internal administration of [[Ghee\|ghee]] or oil) in form of go-ghrita ([[Ghee\|ghee]]). [[Jwara\|Jwara]] involves the obstruction of swedavaha strotas (body channels carrying sweat) hence it will help to expel the toxins by inducing the process of [[Swedana\|swedana]]. (Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/130) [[Deepana\|Deepana]] [[Pachana\|pachana]] treatments play an important role at every step in management as maintenance of [[Agni\|agni]] function is of prime importance in prevention of any [[Vyadhi\|disease]]. <br/>[[Dhumapana\|Dhoomapana]] is a treatment where the particulate matter in dhooma (medicated smoke) has anti-microbial activity and maintains integrity of respiratory tract. It is thus indicated in many respiratory conditions (Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 5/27-32). [[Gandusha\|Gandusha]] (Oil pulling), [[Kavala\|kavala]] (gargling), dantapavana (brushing or cleaning of teeth) act as mechanical barriers by avoiding the entry of pathogens through the buccal cavity. [[Sharira\|Sharira]] parimarjana (cleaning of body surface) and [[Snana\|snana (bathing)]] measures contribute to cleansing of the body surfaces and also includes hasta, pada and mukha prakshalana i.e. hand and feet sanitization to prevent the spread of [[Vyadhi\|disease]]. (Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 5/93-94)		<p style='text-align:justify;'>Acharya Charaka mentions the need of collection of medicinal herbs and commodities which are important for supporting the [[Ayu\|life]] in emergencies or epidemics beforehand, as there can be scarcity of the even most basic [[Ayu\|life]] needs during such period. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/4,13-18] This denotes the basis of disaster management and organization of healthcare facilities during epidemics. The hospitals should be well prepared with all the emergency and required facilities to combat the [[Health\|health]] consequences of disasters.<ref name="ref28">Hospital Preparedness for Epidemics [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/hospital-preparedness-for-epidemics</ref> <br/>The principal line of treatment in the management of [[Vyadhi\|diseases]] like [[Jwara\|jwara]] is [[Pachana\|pachana]] (medications enhancing digestion), [[Vamana\|vamana]] (therapeutic emesis) and [[Apatarpana\|apatarpana]] (depleting procedures). [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/40] Ushnodaka (warm water) helps in achieving all the above criteria. It is also indicated for the treatment of [[Jwara\|jwara]] as it pacifies [[Vata dosha\|vata]] and [[Kapha dosha\|kapha dosha]]. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/40] It facilitates digestion and relieves anorexia due to its [[Deepana\|deepana]] (appetizing), [[Pachana\|pachana (digestion)]] properties. It satiates thirst(trishna), when consumed even in small quantities. Its consumption is especially indicated in management of conditions like [[Kasa Chikitsa\|kasa (cough)]], peenasa (sinusitis), nava [[Jwara\|jwara]] (pyrexia), [[Shwasa\|shwasa]] (breathing abnormality), etc. which represent majority of infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]].[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/58] <br/>The generalized principles for management of janapadodhvansa include the measures for the promotion, preservation and correction of both physical and mental [[Health\|health]]. The [[Panchakarma\|panchakarma]] is the main line of treatment in these conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/13] [[Vamana\|Vamana]] is important for the radical removal of vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] especially the [[Kapha dosha\|kapha dosha]] and helps in pacifying the [[Jwara\|jwara]] and nausea (hrillasa) related conditions associated with the infection. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/146] [[Virechana\|Virechana]] also helps to evacuate the vitiated [[Dosha\|dosha]] through the faeces and corrects the [[Agni\|agni]] vitiation. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/169) [[Basti\|Basti]] controls the vitiated [[Vata dosha\|vata]] and helps in excretion of the toxins and fecal matter from the bowel region. [Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana\|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/40] Due to [[Nasya\|nasya]] or nasal instillation invading pathogens get adsorbed on the surface restricting their growth and further progression. [[Nasya\|Nasya]] is thus particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. [[Snehana (unction therapy)\|Snehana]] (internal administration of [[Ghee\|ghee]] or oil) in form of go-ghrita ([[Ghee\|ghee]]). [[Jwara\|Jwara]] involves the obstruction of swedavaha strotas (body channels carrying sweat) hence it will help to expel the toxins by inducing the process of [[Swedana\|swedana]]. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/130] [[Deepana\|Deepana]] [[Pachana\|pachana]] treatments play an important role at every step in management as maintenance of [[Agni\|agni]] function is of prime importance in prevention of any [[Vyadhi\|disease]]. <br/>[[Dhumapana\|Dhoomapana]] is a treatment where the particulate matter in dhooma (medicated smoke) has anti-microbial activity and maintains integrity of respiratory tract. It is thus indicated in many respiratory conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 5/27-32] [[Gandusha\|Gandusha]] (Oil pulling), [[Kavala\|kavala]] (gargling), dantapavana (brushing or cleaning of teeth) act as mechanical barriers by avoiding the entry of pathogens through the buccal cavity. [[Sharira\|Sharira]] parimarjana (cleaning of body surface) and [[Snana\|snana (bathing)]] measures contribute to cleansing of the body surfaces and also includes hasta, pada and mukha prakshalana i.e. hand and feet sanitization to prevent the spread of [[Vyadhi\|disease]]. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 5/93-94]
	<br/>The [[Rasayana Adhyaya\|rasayana chikitsa]] forms the backbone of treatment of janapadodhvansa as it is pivotal in enhancing the immune response to pathogenic external and internal invasion and stress. (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/13) Different [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] acting on pranavaha, rasavaha strotas, annavaha strotas depending on the [[Dosha\|dosha]] and site involvement can thus be implemented for management of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]]. Use of various [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] like Chyavanaprasha [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] (Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/62-74), Bramha [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] (Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/41-57), [[Amalaki\|Amalaki]] [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] (Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/9-14) etc. are popular in clinical scenario for of maintenance of [[Health\|health]] during pandemic conditions. <br/>Other non-pharmacological and psychotherapy based approaches like [[Sadvritta\|sadvritta]] palana (following proper code of conduct) and behavioural attributes like satyabhashana (honesty), bhootadaya (compassion), bali (sacrifice), devata archana (devotion), daana (charity), vriddhopaseva (showing care and empathy towards the elderly) are mentioned to facilitate the social and mental [[Health\|health]]. Providing support and care to people and families affected with pandemics is of vital importance to balance the psychological components of [[Health\|health]] especially during the pandemic like conditions. (Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/15-16) <br/>[[Sadvritta\|Sadvritta]] emphasizes on the spread and containment of the sansargajanya vyadhi (infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]]) and their mode of transmission. (Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 8/18) The [[Sadvritta\|sadvritta]] focuses on various domains like physical [[Health\|health]], social behaviour, psychological state, hygiene, food etiquettes thus providing holistic care. <br/>The treatment and preventive aspects of epidemics in purview of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] can be summarized in the following table-</p>		<br/>The [[Rasayana Adhyaya\|rasayana chikitsa]] forms the backbone of treatment of janapadodhvansa as it is pivotal in enhancing the immune response to pathogenic external and internal invasion and stress. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/13] Different [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] acting on pranavaha, rasavaha strotas, annavaha strotas depending on the [[Dosha\|dosha]] and site involvement can thus be implemented for management of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi\|vyadhi]]. Use of various [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] like Chyavanaprasha [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/62-74], Bramha [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/41-57], [[Amalaki\|Amalaki]] [[Rasayana\|rasayana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana\|Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/9-14] etc. are popular in clinical scenario for of maintenance of [[Health\|health]] during pandemic conditions. <br/>Other non-pharmacological and psychotherapy based approaches like [[Sadvritta\|sadvritta]] palana (following proper code of conduct) and behavioural attributes like satyabhashana (honesty), bhootadaya (compassion), bali (sacrifice), devata archana (devotion), daana (charity), vriddhopaseva (showing care and empathy towards the elderly) are mentioned to facilitate the social and mental [[Health\|health]]. Providing support and care to people and families affected with pandemics is of vital importance to balance the psychological components of [[Health\|health]] especially during the pandemic like conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana\|Vimana Sthana]] 3/15-16] <br/>[[Sadvritta\|Sadvritta]] emphasizes on the spread and containment of the sansargajanya vyadhi (infectious [[Vyadhi\|diseases]]) and their mode of transmission. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 8/18] The [[Sadvritta\|sadvritta]] focuses on various domains like physical [[Health\|health]], social behaviour, psychological state, hygiene, food etiquettes thus providing holistic care. <br/>The treatment and preventive aspects of epidemics in purview of [[Ayurveda\|ayurveda]] can be summarized in the following table-</p>
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify;"
	! style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"\| Other measures to ensure the promotion of [[Health\|health]]		! style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"\| Other measures to ensure the promotion of [[Health\|health]]
Line 157:		Line 157:
	\|		\|
	* [[Sadvritta\|Sadvritta]] is the righteous code of conduct representing different aspects of hygiene, social conduct, morals and behaviour.		* [[Sadvritta\|Sadvritta]] is the righteous code of conduct representing different aspects of hygiene, social conduct, morals and behaviour.
	* These measures include regular cleansing and trimming of nails (nakhakartana), hygiene and regular cleansing of external orifices (malayana [[Shodhana\|shodhana]]), daily [[Snana\|bath (snana)]], use of fragrances (gandhopasevana) in order to arrest the foul odour, to cover ones face while experiencing sneeze, laughter or yawn and avoiding touching of face and nasal area.(Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 8/18-19)		* These measures include regular cleansing and trimming of nails (nakhakartana), hygiene and regular cleansing of external orifices (malayana [[Shodhana\|shodhana]]), daily [[Snana\|bath (snana)]], use of fragrances (gandhopasevana) in order to arrest the foul odour, to cover ones face while experiencing sneeze, laughter or yawn and avoiding touching of face and nasal area.[Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana\|Sutra Sthana]] 8/18-19]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Shivanam upasevanaam <br/>(using means of protection)		\| Shivanam upasevanaam <br/>(using means of protection)
Line 189:		Line 189:
	\| Prayaschitta		\| Prayaschitta
	\|		\|
	* As the adharma is considered to be important aspect in causation of janapadodhvansa, the ~~papakarma~~(..)can be alleviated through some form of prayaschitta or good deeds		* As the adharma is considered to be important aspect in causation of janapadodhvansa, the papa karma(evil deeds)can be alleviated through some form of prayaschitta or good deeds
	\|-		\|-
	\| Japa (~~meditation~~), <br/>homa (sacred offering to fire), <br/>Ijya (sacred offerings)		\| Japa (muttering a prayer/chanting repeatedly), <br/>homa (sacred offering to fire), <br/>Ijya (sacred offerings)
	\|		\|
	* This again includes performing the religious deeds and offerings to sacred fire which help to curb the negativity in the atmosphere and [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref35"> Nair RR. Agnihotra Yajna: A Prototype of South Asian Traditional Medical Knowledge. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10(2):143–50. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2005290116301728</ref>		* This again includes performing the religious deeds and offerings to sacred fire which help to curb the negativity in the atmosphere and [[Manas\|mind]].<ref name="ref35"> Nair RR. Agnihotra Yajna: A Prototype of South Asian Traditional Medical Knowledge. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10(2):143–50. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2005290116301728</ref>