Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya - Revision history

Agnivesha at 07:42, 22 February 2024

2024-02-22T07:42:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:42, 22 February 2024
Line 29:		Line 29:
	\|data7 = Byadgi P.S.		\|data7 = Byadgi P.S.
	\|label8 = Editors		\|label8 = Editors
	\|data8 = Dwivedi R.B.,Deole Y.S., Basisht G.		\|data8 = Dwivedi R.B., [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]
	\|label9 = Year of publication		\|label9 = Year of publication
	\|data9 = 2020		\|data9 = 2020

Agnivesha at 12:32, 6 March 2023

2023-03-06T12:32:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 6 March 2023
Line 9:		Line 9:
	\|type=article		\|type=article
	}}		}}

	<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 21. Eight Undesirable Physical Constitutions '''</big>		<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 21. Eight Undesirable Physical Constitutions '''</big>
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
Line 39:		Line 38:

	}}		}}


	<big>'''Abstract'''</big>		<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
	<~~div~~ style="text-align:justify;">This is the first chapter of tetrad on guidelines on management of diseases. After enlisting eight undesirable physical appearances based on the criteria like body height, body mass, complexion and presence of hair. The extreme presence or absence of these parameters leads to undesirable physical appearances. The most commonly observed conditions in the society like morbid obesity and extreme emaciation are described in details with their causative factors, signs and symptoms, and ways of effective management. In etio-pathogenesis of these disorders, sleep is the second most important cause after diet. Therefore a special emphasis is given on the merits of sleep, qualities or characteristics that define a “good sleep” and the demerits of sleep related disorders. </~~div~~>		<p style="text-align:justify;">This is the first chapter of tetrad on guidelines on management of diseases. After enlisting eight undesirable physical appearances based on the criteria like body height, body mass, complexion and presence of hair. The extreme presence or absence of these parameters leads to undesirable physical appearances. The most commonly observed conditions in the society like morbid obesity and extreme emaciation are described in details with their causative factors, signs and symptoms, and ways of effective management. In etio-pathogenesis of these disorders, sleep is the second most important cause after diet. Therefore a special emphasis is given on the merits of sleep, qualities or characteristics that define a “good sleep” and the demerits of sleep related disorders. </p>

	'''Keywords''': ''Atisthaulya, Atikarshya,'' Morbid obesity, Hereditary and genetic Disorders, Endocrine Disorders, Sleep([[Nidra]]), Insomnia(''Anidra'')		'''Keywords''': ''Atisthaulya, Atikarshya,'' Morbid obesity, Hereditary and genetic Disorders, Endocrine Disorders, Sleep([[Nidra]]), Insomnia(''Anidra'')

Agnivesha at 05:59, 20 September 2022

2022-09-20T05:59:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:59, 20 September 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{CiteButton}}
	{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	\|title=Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya		\|title=Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya

Eganeesh: /* Conclusion */

2021-09-23T12:07:06Z

Conclusion

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 23 September 2021
Line 900:		Line 900:
	On The overall assessment, the concept of overweight and obesity, emaciation, sleep and its type, indications, and contraindications of day sleep, the role of sleep in obesity, causes of insomnia and features of good and bad sleep along with features of good body built was a well-known entity since antiquity. The available descriptions appear very contemporary and scientific. Certain therapeutic modalities have close resemblance with several non-drug approaches of modern medicine. These modalities can be combined judiciously for individualized prevention and cure of too obese, too lean and insomnia. The current approaches and management of too obese and too lean along with insomnia are still not satisfactory in the conventional system of medicine; this chapter provides a new outlook to scholars and researchers of [[Ayurveda]], which is based on current publications and reports.		On The overall assessment, the concept of overweight and obesity, emaciation, sleep and its type, indications, and contraindications of day sleep, the role of sleep in obesity, causes of insomnia and features of good and bad sleep along with features of good body built was a well-known entity since antiquity. The available descriptions appear very contemporary and scientific. Certain therapeutic modalities have close resemblance with several non-drug approaches of modern medicine. These modalities can be combined judiciously for individualized prevention and cure of too obese, too lean and insomnia. The current approaches and management of too obese and too lean along with insomnia are still not satisfactory in the conventional system of medicine; this chapter provides a new outlook to scholars and researchers of [[Ayurveda]], which is based on current publications and reports.
	</div>		</div>

			<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe\|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>

	==References==		==References==

Anaghas: /* Morbid obesity */

2021-07-08T06:49:44Z

Morbid obesity

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:49, 8 July 2021
Line 835:		Line 835:
	In the context of ''atisthula'' and ''atikrisha'', Charak has explored these conditions from the standpoint of their diathesis, clinical presentation, and management, which is comparable to approaches taken today to the study of obesity and leanness. Suśruta has considered [[rasa dhatu]] as the main culprit for both obesity and emaciation (''rasa nimittameva sthaulyam karshyam ca'')<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.15 Doshadatumalkshayavriddivinjaniya Adhyaya verse 32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. </ref>.		In the context of ''atisthula'' and ''atikrisha'', Charak has explored these conditions from the standpoint of their diathesis, clinical presentation, and management, which is comparable to approaches taken today to the study of obesity and leanness. Suśruta has considered [[rasa dhatu]] as the main culprit for both obesity and emaciation (''rasa nimittameva sthaulyam karshyam ca'')<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.15 Doshadatumalkshayavriddivinjaniya Adhyaya verse 32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. </ref>.

	Lipid precursors are acted upon by fat-specific energy (''medhodhatvagni'') for their conversion into adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]])<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group. </ref>. Vitiation of [[kapha dosha]] and excessive accumulation of fat-specific energy and waste products of adipose tissues (''kleda'') lead to dysfunction of adipose tissues. Adipose channels have two origins - kidney, adrenal and fat around them and other are visceral and omental fat (''vapavahana'')<ref>Shastri, P.K (1983), (translater), Caraka samhita, Part I, 2nd ed., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, p. 595. </ref>. These channels draw nutrition, including lipid from the antecedent flesh and transient lipid and then convert them into a stored form of lipid. As per biomedical science, obesity is associated with increased adipose stores in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and internal organs such as kidney, heart, liver and omentum. Adipose tissues ([[~~medo~~ dhatu]]) form a crucial link to the concept of tissue metabolism. Low levels of fat-specific energy (''medodhatvagni''), despite a normal food intake, can lead to a steady accumulation of fat and the outcome is obesity<ref>Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. </ref> <ref>Drewnowski A, Specter SE (January 2004). "Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.79 (1): 6–16. </ref>. The conventional system of medicine has given due consideration to certain factors such as insufficient sleep, genetic predisposition, later age pregnancy, certain medications and other epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its related disorders<ref>Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT et al. (2006). "Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled". Int J Obes (Lond)30 (11): 1585–94. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326. PMID 16801930. </ref>.(Verse 3-4)		Lipid precursors are acted upon by fat-specific energy (''medhodhatvagni'') for their conversion into adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]])<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group. </ref>. Vitiation of [[kapha dosha]] and excessive accumulation of fat-specific energy and waste products of adipose tissues (''kleda'') lead to dysfunction of adipose tissues. Adipose channels have two origins - kidney, adrenal and fat around them and other are visceral and omental fat (''vapavahana'')<ref>Shastri, P.K (1983), (translater), Caraka samhita, Part I, 2nd ed., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, p. 595. </ref>. These channels draw nutrition, including lipid from the antecedent flesh and transient lipid and then convert them into a stored form of lipid. As per biomedical science, obesity is associated with increased adipose stores in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and internal organs such as kidney, heart, liver and omentum. Adipose tissues ([[meda dhatu]]) form a crucial link to the concept of tissue metabolism. Low levels of fat-specific energy (''medodhatvagni''), despite a normal food intake, can lead to a steady accumulation of fat and the outcome is obesity<ref>Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. </ref> <ref>Drewnowski A, Specter SE (January 2004). "Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.79 (1): 6–16. </ref>. The conventional system of medicine has given due consideration to certain factors such as insufficient sleep, genetic predisposition, later age pregnancy, certain medications and other epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its related disorders<ref>Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT et al. (2006). "Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled". Int J Obes (Lond)30 (11): 1585–94. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326. PMID 16801930. </ref>.(Verse 3-4)

	=== Increased desire to eat among the obese ===		=== Increased desire to eat among the obese ===

Anaghas: /* Morbid obesity */

2021-07-08T06:43:56Z

Morbid obesity

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:43, 8 July 2021
Line 835:		Line 835:
	In the context of ''atisthula'' and ''atikrisha'', Charak has explored these conditions from the standpoint of their diathesis, clinical presentation, and management, which is comparable to approaches taken today to the study of obesity and leanness. Suśruta has considered [[rasa dhatu]] as the main culprit for both obesity and emaciation (''rasa nimittameva sthaulyam karshyam ca'')<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.15 Doshadatumalkshayavriddivinjaniya Adhyaya verse 32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. </ref>.		In the context of ''atisthula'' and ''atikrisha'', Charak has explored these conditions from the standpoint of their diathesis, clinical presentation, and management, which is comparable to approaches taken today to the study of obesity and leanness. Suśruta has considered [[rasa dhatu]] as the main culprit for both obesity and emaciation (''rasa nimittameva sthaulyam karshyam ca'')<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.15 Doshadatumalkshayavriddivinjaniya Adhyaya verse 32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. </ref>.

	Lipid precursors are acted upon by fat-specific energy (''medhodhatvagni'') for their conversion into adipose tissue ([[~~medo~~ dhatu]])<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group. </ref>. Vitiation of [[kapha dosha]] and excessive accumulation of fat-specific energy and waste products of adipose tissues (''kleda'') lead to dysfunction of adipose tissues. Adipose channels have two origins - kidney, adrenal and fat around them and other are visceral and omental fat (''vapavahana'')<ref>Shastri, P.K (1983), (translater), Caraka samhita, Part I, 2nd ed., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, p. 595. </ref>. These channels draw nutrition, including lipid from the antecedent flesh and transient lipid and then convert them into a stored form of lipid. As per biomedical science, obesity is associated with increased adipose stores in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and internal organs such as kidney, heart, liver and omentum. Adipose tissues ([[medo dhatu]]) form a crucial link to the concept of tissue metabolism. Low levels of fat-specific energy (''medodhatvagni''), despite a normal food intake, can lead to a steady accumulation of fat and the outcome is obesity<ref>Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. </ref> <ref>Drewnowski A, Specter SE (January 2004). "Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.79 (1): 6–16. </ref>. The conventional system of medicine has given due consideration to certain factors such as insufficient sleep, genetic predisposition, later age pregnancy, certain medications and other epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its related disorders<ref>Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT et al. (2006). "Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled". Int J Obes (Lond)30 (11): 1585–94. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326. PMID 16801930. </ref>.(Verse 3-4)		Lipid precursors are acted upon by fat-specific energy (''medhodhatvagni'') for their conversion into adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]])<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group. </ref>. Vitiation of [[kapha dosha]] and excessive accumulation of fat-specific energy and waste products of adipose tissues (''kleda'') lead to dysfunction of adipose tissues. Adipose channels have two origins - kidney, adrenal and fat around them and other are visceral and omental fat (''vapavahana'')<ref>Shastri, P.K (1983), (translater), Caraka samhita, Part I, 2nd ed., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, p. 595. </ref>. These channels draw nutrition, including lipid from the antecedent flesh and transient lipid and then convert them into a stored form of lipid. As per biomedical science, obesity is associated with increased adipose stores in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and internal organs such as kidney, heart, liver and omentum. Adipose tissues ([[medo dhatu]]) form a crucial link to the concept of tissue metabolism. Low levels of fat-specific energy (''medodhatvagni''), despite a normal food intake, can lead to a steady accumulation of fat and the outcome is obesity<ref>Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. </ref> <ref>Drewnowski A, Specter SE (January 2004). "Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.79 (1): 6–16. </ref>. The conventional system of medicine has given due consideration to certain factors such as insufficient sleep, genetic predisposition, later age pregnancy, certain medications and other epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its related disorders<ref>Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT et al. (2006). "Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled". Int J Obes (Lond)30 (11): 1585–94. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326. PMID 16801930. </ref>.(Verse 3-4)

	=== Increased desire to eat among the obese ===		=== Increased desire to eat among the obese ===

Anaghas: /* Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) */

2021-07-08T06:43:17Z

Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:43, 8 July 2021
Line 821:		Line 821:
	*The food that is heavy to digest but not having any fattening (such as high fiber diet) is prescribed for the obese. In lean persons, food that is light to digest and has high nourishing value is prescribed. [20]		*The food that is heavy to digest but not having any fattening (such as high fiber diet) is prescribed for the obese. In lean persons, food that is light to digest and has high nourishing value is prescribed. [20]
	*Food and drinks that alleviate [[vata]] and reduce [[kapha]] and [[meda dhatu]], as well as therapies such as enema (administered with drugs of sharply acting, dry and hot properties) and therapeutic powder massages are important treatments for obesity. [21-22]		*Food and drinks that alleviate [[vata]] and reduce [[kapha]] and [[meda dhatu]], as well as therapies such as enema (administered with drugs of sharply acting, dry and hot properties) and therapeutic powder massages are important treatments for obesity. [21-22]
	*To enhance body mass of the excessively lean, an easy-to-digest and nourishing diet therapy, proper sleep, mind relaxing activities, ''rasayanas'' and aphrodisiacs, a diet with unctuous food and newly harvested food, and measures that eliminate vitiated [[~~doshas~~]] are prescribed. [29-34]		*To enhance body mass of the excessively lean, an easy-to-digest and nourishing diet therapy, proper sleep, mind relaxing activities, ''rasayanas'' and aphrodisiacs, a diet with unctuous food and newly harvested food, and measures that eliminate vitiated [[dosha]] are prescribed. [29-34]
	*Tiredness, inactivity of mind, and detachment from sense organs are certain situations and conditions that help in falling asleep. [35]		*Tiredness, inactivity of mind, and detachment from sense organs are certain situations and conditions that help in falling asleep. [35]
	*Normal sleep is necessary for the normal functioning of human body and excessive or inadequate sleep results in many diseases. Happiness and misery, nourishment and emaciation, strength and weakness, fertility and infertility, knowledge and ignorance and life and death depend on proper and improper sleep. [36]		*Normal sleep is necessary for the normal functioning of human body and excessive or inadequate sleep results in many diseases. Happiness and misery, nourishment and emaciation, strength and weakness, fertility and infertility, knowledge and ignorance and life and death depend on proper and improper sleep. [36]

Anaghas: /* Conclusion */

2021-07-06T16:00:44Z

Conclusion

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 6 July 2021
Line 896:		Line 896:
	=== Conclusion ===		=== Conclusion ===

	The present chapter reveals that the clinical entity, consequences, and management of too obese, too lean, insomnia, along with categorization of good built, information and mechanism of sleep and measures to induce good sleep was fairly well known even in the classical period of [[Ayurveda]], which is comparable to the latest development in this field. The Ayurvedic classics vividly describe the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications and its categories and treatment modalities of too obese, which has a striking resemblance to the latest development in this field. The ''samprapti'' (pathogenesis) of this disease is based on the specific [[dosha]]-dushya pattern. Besides, the special emphasis placed on vitiation of [[meda dhatu]]. The age-old ideas are now getting strong scientific support for the emerging concept of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, signifying the role of lipid disorders in the pathogenesis, hypometabolic state (''ama'' state) and immunodeficiency in these disorders. Numbers of complications have been described in this context including ''prameha'', GI problems, skin disorders, etc. It is presumed that in the diathesis of complications, impaired status of ''agni, [[ojas]]'' and [[meda dhatu]] play an important role6.		The present chapter reveals that the clinical entity, consequences, and management of too obese, too lean, insomnia, along with categorization of good built, information and mechanism of sleep and measures to induce good sleep was fairly well known even in the classical period of [[Ayurveda]], which is comparable to the latest development in this field. The Ayurvedic classics vividly describe the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications and its categories and treatment modalities of too obese, which has a striking resemblance to the latest development in this field. The ''samprapti'' (pathogenesis) of this disease is based on the specific [[dosha]]-dushya pattern. Besides, the special emphasis placed on vitiation of [[meda dhatu]]. The age-old ideas are now getting strong scientific support for the emerging concept of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, signifying the role of lipid disorders in the pathogenesis, hypometabolic state (''ama'' state) and immunodeficiency in these disorders. Numbers of complications have been described in this context including ''prameha'', GI problems, skin disorders, etc. It is presumed that in the diathesis of complications, impaired status of agni, [[ojas]] and [[meda dhatu]] play an important role6.

	On The overall assessment, the concept of overweight and obesity, emaciation, sleep and its type, indications, and contraindications of day sleep, the role of sleep in obesity, causes of insomnia and features of good and bad sleep along with features of good body built was a well-known entity since antiquity. The available descriptions appear very contemporary and scientific. Certain therapeutic modalities have close resemblance with several non-drug approaches of modern medicine. These modalities can be combined judiciously for individualized prevention and cure of too obese, too lean and insomnia. The current approaches and management of too obese and too lean along with insomnia are still not satisfactory in the conventional system of medicine; this chapter provides a new outlook to scholars and researchers of [[Ayurveda]], which is based on current publications and reports.		On The overall assessment, the concept of overweight and obesity, emaciation, sleep and its type, indications, and contraindications of day sleep, the role of sleep in obesity, causes of insomnia and features of good and bad sleep along with features of good body built was a well-known entity since antiquity. The available descriptions appear very contemporary and scientific. Certain therapeutic modalities have close resemblance with several non-drug approaches of modern medicine. These modalities can be combined judiciously for individualized prevention and cure of too obese, too lean and insomnia. The current approaches and management of too obese and too lean along with insomnia are still not satisfactory in the conventional system of medicine; this chapter provides a new outlook to scholars and researchers of [[Ayurveda]], which is based on current publications and reports.

Anaghas: /* Conclusion */

2021-07-06T15:59:27Z

Conclusion

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 6 July 2021
Line 896:		Line 896:
	=== Conclusion ===		=== Conclusion ===

	The present chapter reveals that the clinical entity, consequences, and management of too obese, too lean, insomnia, along with categorization of good built, information and mechanism of sleep and measures to induce good sleep was fairly well known even in the classical period of [[Ayurveda]], which is comparable to the latest development in this field. The Ayurvedic classics vividly describe the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications and its categories and treatment modalities of too obese, which has a striking resemblance to the latest development in this field. The ''samprapti'' (pathogenesis) of this disease is based on the specific ''dosha-dushya'' pattern. Besides, the special emphasis placed on vitiation of ~~''medas''~~. The age-old ideas are now getting strong scientific support for the emerging concept of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, signifying the role of lipid disorders in the pathogenesis, hypometabolic state (''ama'' state) and immunodeficiency in these disorders. Numbers of complications have been described in this context including ''prameha'', GI problems, skin disorders, etc. It is presumed that in the diathesis of complications, impaired status of ''agni, ojas'' and ~~''medas''~~ play an important role6.		The present chapter reveals that the clinical entity, consequences, and management of too obese, too lean, insomnia, along with categorization of good built, information and mechanism of sleep and measures to induce good sleep was fairly well known even in the classical period of [[Ayurveda]], which is comparable to the latest development in this field. The Ayurvedic classics vividly describe the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications and its categories and treatment modalities of too obese, which has a striking resemblance to the latest development in this field. The ''samprapti'' (pathogenesis) of this disease is based on the specific [[dosha]]-dushya pattern. Besides, the special emphasis placed on vitiation of [[meda dhatu]]. The age-old ideas are now getting strong scientific support for the emerging concept of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, signifying the role of lipid disorders in the pathogenesis, hypometabolic state (''ama'' state) and immunodeficiency in these disorders. Numbers of complications have been described in this context including ''prameha'', GI problems, skin disorders, etc. It is presumed that in the diathesis of complications, impaired status of ''agni, [[ojas]]'' and [[meda dhatu]] play an important role6.

	On The overall assessment, the concept of overweight and obesity, emaciation, sleep and its type, indications, and contraindications of day sleep, the role of sleep in obesity, causes of insomnia and features of good and bad sleep along with features of good body built was a well-known entity since antiquity. The available descriptions appear very contemporary and scientific. Certain therapeutic modalities have close resemblance with several non-drug approaches of modern medicine. These modalities can be combined judiciously for individualized prevention and cure of too obese, too lean and insomnia. The current approaches and management of too obese and too lean along with insomnia are still not satisfactory in the conventional system of medicine; this chapter provides a new outlook to scholars and researchers of [[Ayurveda]], which is based on current publications and reports.		On The overall assessment, the concept of overweight and obesity, emaciation, sleep and its type, indications, and contraindications of day sleep, the role of sleep in obesity, causes of insomnia and features of good and bad sleep along with features of good body built was a well-known entity since antiquity. The available descriptions appear very contemporary and scientific. Certain therapeutic modalities have close resemblance with several non-drug approaches of modern medicine. These modalities can be combined judiciously for individualized prevention and cure of too obese, too lean and insomnia. The current approaches and management of too obese and too lean along with insomnia are still not satisfactory in the conventional system of medicine; this chapter provides a new outlook to scholars and researchers of [[Ayurveda]], which is based on current publications and reports.

Anaghas: /* Morbid obesity */

2021-07-06T15:55:43Z

Morbid obesity

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 6 July 2021
Line 833:		Line 833:
	=== Morbid obesity ===		=== Morbid obesity ===

	In the context of ''atisthula'' and ''atikrisha'', Charak has explored these conditions from the standpoint of their diathesis, clinical presentation, and management, which is comparable to approaches taken today to the study of obesity and leanness. Suśruta has considered ''rasa dhatu'' as the main culprit for both obesity and emaciation (''rasa nimittameva sthaulyam karshyam ca'')<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.15 Doshadatumalkshayavriddivinjaniya Adhyaya verse 32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. </ref>.		In the context of ''atisthula'' and ''atikrisha'', Charak has explored these conditions from the standpoint of their diathesis, clinical presentation, and management, which is comparable to approaches taken today to the study of obesity and leanness. Suśruta has considered [[rasa dhatu]] as the main culprit for both obesity and emaciation (''rasa nimittameva sthaulyam karshyam ca'')<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.15 Doshadatumalkshayavriddivinjaniya Adhyaya verse 32. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. </ref>.

	Lipid precursors are acted upon by fat-specific energy (''medhodhatvagni'') for their conversion into adipose tissue (~~''medodhatu''~~)<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group. </ref>. Vitiation of ''kapha dosha'' and excessive accumulation of fat-specific energy and waste products of adipose tissues (''kleda'') lead to dysfunction of adipose tissues. Adipose channels have two origins - kidney, adrenal and fat around them and other are visceral and omental fat (''vapavahana'')<ref>Shastri, P.K (1983), (translater), Caraka samhita, Part I, 2nd ed., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, p. 595. </ref>. These channels draw nutrition, including lipid from the antecedent flesh and transient lipid and then convert them into a stored form of lipid. As per biomedical science, obesity is associated with increased adipose stores in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and internal organs such as kidney, heart, liver and omentum. Adipose tissues (~~''medodhatu''~~) form a crucial link to the concept of tissue metabolism. Low levels of fat-specific energy (''medodhatvagni''), despite a normal food intake, can lead to a steady accumulation of fat and the outcome is obesity<ref>Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. </ref> <ref>Drewnowski A, Specter SE (January 2004). "Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.79 (1): 6–16. </ref>. The conventional system of medicine has given due consideration to certain factors such as insufficient sleep, genetic predisposition, later age pregnancy, certain medications and other epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its related disorders<ref>Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT et al. (2006). "Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled". Int J Obes (Lond)30 (11): 1585–94. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326. PMID 16801930. </ref>.(Verse 3-4)		Lipid precursors are acted upon by fat-specific energy (''medhodhatvagni'') for their conversion into adipose tissue ([[medo dhatu]])<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group. </ref>. Vitiation of [[kapha dosha]] and excessive accumulation of fat-specific energy and waste products of adipose tissues (''kleda'') lead to dysfunction of adipose tissues. Adipose channels have two origins - kidney, adrenal and fat around them and other are visceral and omental fat (''vapavahana'')<ref>Shastri, P.K (1983), (translater), Caraka samhita, Part I, 2nd ed., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, p. 595. </ref>. These channels draw nutrition, including lipid from the antecedent flesh and transient lipid and then convert them into a stored form of lipid. As per biomedical science, obesity is associated with increased adipose stores in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and internal organs such as kidney, heart, liver and omentum. Adipose tissues ([[medo dhatu]]) form a crucial link to the concept of tissue metabolism. Low levels of fat-specific energy (''medodhatvagni''), despite a normal food intake, can lead to a steady accumulation of fat and the outcome is obesity<ref>Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. </ref> <ref>Drewnowski A, Specter SE (January 2004). "Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.79 (1): 6–16. </ref>. The conventional system of medicine has given due consideration to certain factors such as insufficient sleep, genetic predisposition, later age pregnancy, certain medications and other epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its related disorders<ref>Keith SW, Redden DT, Katzmarzyk PT et al. (2006). "Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled". Int J Obes (Lond)30 (11): 1585–94. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326. PMID 16801930. </ref>.(Verse 3-4)

	=== Increased desire to eat among the obese ===		=== Increased desire to eat among the obese ===