Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya - Revision history

Agnivesha at 06:38, 22 January 2025

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	Because of pulsation (''dhma''), some of those (vessels) are called [[dhamani]]. Since fluids move out because of pulsation of the heart (''Sravana'', i.e., ebbing out) some of these vessels are called [[~~strotas~~]]. Some of the vessels carry the contents forward (''sarana''), are called [[sirah]].[12]		Because of pulsation (''dhma''), some of those (vessels) are called [[dhamani]]. Since fluids move out because of pulsation of the heart (''Sravana'', i.e., ebbing out) some of these vessels are called [[srotas]]. Some of the vessels carry the contents forward (''sarana''), are called [[sirah]].[12]
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Agnivesha at 10:10, 22 February 2024

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	\|label8 = Editors		\|label8 = Editors
	\|data8 = Dwivedi R.B., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.		\|data8 = Dwivedi R.B., [[Yogesh Deole\|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht\|Basisht G.]]
	\|label9 = Year of publication		\|label9 = Year of publication
	\|data9 = 2020		\|data9 = 2020

Agnivesha at 12:30, 6 March 2023

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	<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life'''</big>		<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life'''</big>
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
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	<big>'''Abstract'''</big>		<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
			<p style='text-align:justify;'>The last chapter emphasizes some of the fundamental principles of life, health and disease. The chapter begins with a description of the heart and ten great vessels attached to it and talks about several aspects of vital importance such as [[sira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], [[ojas]], etc. The salient features of good Ayurvedic practitioner, complete definition of Ayu and [[Ayurveda]] are provided in this chapter. The specific characteristics of quality of life are described in this chapter under the heading of hitayu(beneficial life). Further non-beneficial, happy and unhappy kinds of life have also been described in the chapter. The most important objective of [[Ayurveda]] about preservation of health of the healthy and pacification of diseases in the patients is highlighted in this chapter. The structure of treatise, its sections, means to study and understand are narrated. At last, a comprehensive list of all chapters in this entire treatise has been provided. </p>
	<~~div~~ style="text-align:justify;">The last chapter emphasizes some of the fundamental principles of life, health and disease. The chapter begins with a description of the heart and ten great vessels attached to it and talks about several aspects of vital importance such as [[sira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], [[ojas]], etc. The salient features of good Ayurvedic practitioner, complete definition of Ayu and [[Ayurveda]] are provided in this chapter. The specific characteristics of quality of life are described in this chapter under the heading of hitayu(beneficial life). Further non-beneficial, happy and unhappy kinds of life have also been described in the chapter. The most important objective of [[Ayurveda]] about preservation of health of the healthy and pacification of diseases in the patients is highlighted in this chapter. The structure of treatise, its sections, means to study and understand are narrated. At last, a comprehensive list of all chapters in this entire treatise has been provided. </~~div~~>

	'''Keywords''': [[Hṛidaya]], [[ojas]], [[sira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], channels of transportation and transformation, vessels, heart, vitality, classification of [[Ayu]], [[Ayurveda]], Indian system of mediicine, quality of life, lifespan, medical education, specialties of [[Ayurveda]].		'''Keywords''': [[Hṛidaya]], [[ojas]], [[sira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], channels of transportation and transformation, vessels, heart, vitality, classification of [[Ayu]], [[Ayurveda]], Indian system of mediicine, quality of life, lifespan, medical education, specialties of [[Ayurveda]].

Agnivesha at 06:03, 20 September 2022

2022-09-20T06:03:33Z

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	{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	\|title=Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya		\|title=Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya

Eganeesh: /* Medical Education */

2021-09-23T12:27:54Z

Medical Education

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	Besides increased incidence of diseases in humans, there is increasing polarization and intolerance in our societies causing discord and violence. There is environmental degradation of the planet evidenced by global warming and increased pollution. All these phenomena imply a deteriorating health of humans, society and the planet at large. [[Ayurveda]] considers the human individual as a microcosm that reflects the health of the universe at large – the macrocosm. A healthy planet would need to have healthy societies, requiring healthy human beings. Imbalances within the bodily elements – the [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],etc. – lead to imbalances between the individual and his environment. This underscores the value of imbibing the knowledge about health from [[Charak Samhita]].		Besides increased incidence of diseases in humans, there is increasing polarization and intolerance in our societies causing discord and violence. There is environmental degradation of the planet evidenced by global warming and increased pollution. All these phenomena imply a deteriorating health of humans, society and the planet at large. [[Ayurveda]] considers the human individual as a microcosm that reflects the health of the universe at large – the macrocosm. A healthy planet would need to have healthy societies, requiring healthy human beings. Imbalances within the bodily elements – the [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],etc. – lead to imbalances between the individual and his environment. This underscores the value of imbibing the knowledge about health from [[Charak Samhita]].
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	== References ==		== References ==

Agnivesha: Text replacement - "http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg" to "http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg"

2021-01-15T11:50:15Z

Text replacement - "http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg" to "http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg"

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	\|keywords=Hṛidaya, ojas, sira, dhamani, srotas, classification of Ayu, quality of life, good life, happy life, beneficial life,Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.[[Hṛidaya]], [[ojas]], [[shira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], classification of [[Ayu]], [[Ayurveda]], Indian system of mediicine, quality of life, lifespan, medical education, specialties of [[Ayurveda]].		\|keywords=Hṛidaya, ojas, sira, dhamani, srotas, classification of Ayu, quality of life, good life, happy life, beneficial life,Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.[[Hṛidaya]], [[ojas]], [[shira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], classification of [[Ayu]], [[Ayurveda]], Indian system of mediicine, quality of life, lifespan, medical education, specialties of [[Ayurveda]].
	\|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life		\|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life
	\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com~~/mediawiki-1.32.1~~/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg		\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
	\|image_alt=carak samhita		\|image_alt=carak samhita
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Agnivesha: /* Source of Ayurveda */

2020-11-09T09:09:02Z

Source of Ayurveda

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	Out of the four ~~''vedas''~~ – ~~''rk~~, ~~yajus~~, ~~sama~~,'' and ~~''atharva'' -~~ physicians owe their loyalty to the ''Atharva Veda'' because this deals with the treatment of diseases by resorting to various practices like sacrifices, prayers, and chants, charity, moral discipline, the atonement of sins, austere practices like fasts, etc. These are advocated for treatment as well as for living a healthy, long life. [21]		Out of the four [[veda]] – The Rigveda, Yajurvedas, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The physicians owe their loyalty to the ''Atharva Veda'' because this deals with the treatment of diseases by resorting to various practices like sacrifices, prayers, and chants, charity, moral discipline, the atonement of sins, austere practices like fasts, etc. These are advocated for treatment as well as for living a healthy, long life. [21]

	==== The meaning of Ayu ====		==== The meaning of Ayu ====

Agnivesha at 11:50, 9 October 2020

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	\|label8 = Editors		\|label8 = Editors
	\|data8 = Dwivedi R.B., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.		\|data8 = Dwivedi R.B., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
	\|label9 = ~~Date~~ of publication		\|label9 = Year of publication
	\|data9 = ~~December 17, 2018~~		\|data9 = 2020
	\|label10 = ~~DOI~~		\|label10 = Publisher
	\|data10 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032]		\|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
			\|label11 = DOI
			\|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032]
	}}		}}
	<big>'''Abstract'''</big>		<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

Agnivesha at 08:09, 7 October 2020

2020-10-07T08:09:40Z

Show changes

Agnivesha: /* Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) */

2020-10-07T07:56:11Z

Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences)

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	== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==		== Vidhi Vimarsha [Applied Inferences) ==

			=== History of medicine ===
	<div style="text-align:justify;">		<div style="text-align:justify;">
	There are a few compelling similarities between ancient Greek medical literature and [[Ayurveda]]. However, ‘which school of medicine borrowed these ideas from whom?' - Has been an unresolved mystery. Some of the ideas that are significantly common to these two systems are humorism, the mechanism of blood formation, breathing, and circulation. One of the points that are widely debated in this context is the supremacy of brain versus the supremacy of heart. It looks like Hippocrates, Aristotle, Erasistratus and Galen had this confusion over the exact functions of the heart and the brain. They ascribed to the heart the functions such as perception of the sensations, motor control, intellect, emotions, etc. The above verse may be read with this background in mind. <ref name=ref1>Patwardhan K. The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of [[Ayurveda]] masters. Adv Physiol Educ. 2012 Jun;36(2):77-82. doi: 10.1152/advan.00123.2011. </ref> Another explanation could, however, be that these vital entities are functionally dependent on the heart, though not exactly located there.		There are a few compelling similarities between ancient Greek medical literature and [[Ayurveda]]. However, ‘which school of medicine borrowed these ideas from whom?' - Has been an unresolved mystery. Some of the ideas that are significantly common to these two systems are humorism, the mechanism of blood formation, breathing, and circulation. One of the points that are widely debated in this context is the supremacy of brain versus the supremacy of heart. It looks like Hippocrates, Aristotle, Erasistratus and Galen had this confusion over the exact functions of the heart and the brain. They ascribed to the heart the functions such as perception of the sensations, motor control, intellect, emotions, etc. The above verse may be read with this background in mind. <ref name=ref1>Patwardhan K. The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of [[Ayurveda]] masters. Adv Physiol Educ. 2012 Jun;36(2):77-82. doi: 10.1152/advan.00123.2011. </ref> Another explanation could, however, be that these vital entities are functionally dependent on the heart, though not exactly located there.

	The functions of the brain are in fact well-documented in ~~Ashtaṅga Hṛdaya~~, in the context of ''~~prāṇa vāyu~~'', whose anatomical location is ''murdha'' (head). ~~Vāgbhaṭa~~ in this context explains the functions of ''~~prāṇa vāyu~~'' to be the control of higher mental activities, heart, respiration, swallowing, spitting, belching, sneezing and other sensory modalities. Even in Bhela Samhita, the location of mind has been documented to be in the head. (Verse 3, 4)		The functions of the brain are in fact well-documented in Ashtanga Hridaya<ref>Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref>, in the context of ''prana vayu'', whose anatomical location is ''murdha'' (head). Vagbhata in this context explains the functions of ''prana vayu'' to be the control of higher mental activities, heart, respiration, swallowing, spitting, belching, sneezing and other sensory modalities. Even in Bhela Samhita, the location of mind has been documented to be in the head. [Verse 3, 4]

	The detailed information on different kinds of blood vessels, functions of the heart, and physiology of circulation can be found in a published review paper titled “The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of [[Ayurveda]] masters." <ref name=ref1/> (Verse 12)		The detailed information on different kinds of blood vessels, functions of the heart, and physiology of circulation can be found in a published review paper titled “The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of [[Ayurveda]] masters." <ref name=ref1/> [Verse 12]

	~~The ideal way~~ of reading, understanding and teaching a good textbook in the manner that is comprehensible for all categories of students has been explained here. Repetition of the concepts that are complex has been further highlighted. The contemporary theories on education to highlight the optimal repetition to enable good comprehension. (Verse 16, 17, 18, 19)		=== Method of learning [[Ayurveda]] ===

	Unlike various healthcare systems available today, [[Ayurveda]] is unique in its broad approach to health in particular and life in general. Besides managing diseases, its primary aim is to improve the quality of health and thus, prevention of diseases. [[Ayurveda]] considers myriad factors affecting human health in societies – at a macro or gross level – as well as at an individual (or micro level). Since each has a different ''Prakriti'' (body type), the factors favoring health have been systematically classified so that a healthcare provider can choose those factors by the person's body type and guide him/her to achieve a state of optimum health while preventing diseases. Similarly, in the case of diseases, personalized treatment with minimal side effects can be provided through [[Ayurveda]]. In the current world, where diseases, especially cancer, antibiotic resistant infections and autoimmune diseases are rapidly increasing, it is important to understand what health is and how to prevent disease. Sushruta has defined health as "a state of a dynamic equilibrium between entities that constitute a human being such as ~~''doshas~~, agni, dhatu, mala, atma, indriya,'' and ''manas''." These factors have been elaborated at different relevant places in chapters of [[Charak Samhita]].		The ideal way of reading, understanding and teaching a good textbook in the manner that is comprehensible for all categories of students has been explained. Repetition of the concepts that are complex has been further highlighted. The contemporary theories on education to highlight the optimal repetition to enable good comprehension. [Verse 16-19]

			Unlike various healthcare systems available today, [[Ayurveda]] is unique in its broad approach to health in particular and life in general. Besides managing diseases, its primary aim is to improve the quality of health and thus, prevention of diseases. [[Ayurveda]] considers myriad factors affecting human health in societies – at a macro or gross level – as well as at an individual (or micro level). Since each has a different ''Prakriti'' (body type), the factors favoring health have been systematically classified so that a healthcare provider can choose those factors by the person's body type and guide him/her to achieve a state of optimum health while preventing diseases. Similarly, in the case of diseases, personalized treatment with minimal side effects can be provided through [[Ayurveda]]. In the current world, where diseases, especially cancer, antibiotic resistant infections and autoimmune diseases are rapidly increasing, it is important to understand what health is and how to prevent disease. Sushruta has defined health as "a state of a dynamic equilibrium between entities that constitute a human being such as [[dosha]], [[agni]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]], [[atma]], [[indriya]], and [[manas]]."[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/48] <ref>Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> These factors have been elaborated at different relevant places in chapters of [[Charak Samhita]].

	=== Estimation of life span ===		=== Estimation of life span ===

	As indicated earlier in this chapter and preceding chapters, [[Ayurveda]] is that source of knowledge which teaches and deals with ''Ayu'' (life). How so? By its characteristics, it imparts knowledge of joy and suffering, benefit and harm, and authentic/authoritative and unauthentic/unreliable (sources of information). It is also that body of knowledge which informs us about long life and short life (i.e., lifespan) and substances with its properties & actions that decide a person’s longevity.		As indicated earlier in this chapter and preceding chapters, [[Ayurveda]] is that source of knowledge which teaches and deals with [[Ayu]] (life). How so? By its characteristics, it imparts knowledge of joy and suffering, benefit and harm, and authentic/authoritative and unauthentic/unreliable (sources of information). It is also that body of knowledge which informs us about long life and short life (i.e., lifespan) and substances with its properties & actions that decide a person’s longevity.

	The end of a life span is signaled by the abnormal changes in the sensory perception, in the objects of perception, in mind, in the intellect, and in movement. These signals help in the prediction of the death of an individual at a particular moment or time or day, after three days, five days, a week or ten days and after a fortnight, a month, six months or a year. ''~~Svabhāva~~'' (return to the natural state), ''uparama'' of ''pravriti'' (cessation of all activities), ''maraṇa'' (death), ''anityata'' (temporary state), ''nirodha'' (restriction in the continuation of life)- all these are synonymous with death. This is at the end of life. In the absence of such signs and symptoms, the life span is to be determined as unlimited from the prognostic point of view. In [[Ayurveda]], the life span is determined by nature of the physique, constitution, and special signs. The purpose of this Science ([[Ayurveda]]) is to preserve the health of the healthy and cure the disease of the unhealthy.		The end of a life span is signaled by the abnormal changes in the sensory perception, in the objects of perception, in mind, in the intellect, and in movement. These signals help in the prediction of the death of an individual at a particular moment or time or day, after three days, five days, a week or ten days and after a fortnight, a month, six months or a year. ''Svabhava'' (return to the natural state), ''uparama'' of ''pravriti'' (cessation of all activities), ''maraṇa'' (death), ''anityata'' (temporary state), ''nirodha'' (restriction in the continuation of life)- all these are synonymous with death. This is at the end of life. In the absence of such signs and symptoms, the life span is to be determined as unlimited from the prognostic point of view. In [[Ayurveda]], the life span is determined by nature of the physique, constitution, and special signs. The purpose of this Science ([[Ayurveda]]) is to preserve the health of the healthy and cure the disease of the unhealthy.

	=== Non-violence and other factors for sustaining life ===		=== Non-violence and other factors for sustaining life ===
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	Leading a righteous, non-violent life bestows longevity in human beings while maintaining harmony within societies and the environment at large. As discussed earlier in this (and the preceding) chapter, Valor is the best value among those that promote strength; knowledge is one thing that should always be increased; self-control should always be exercised to stay happy; discovery/understanding/realization helps the most in creating a feeling of exaltation/ecstasy, while celibacy is the most important attribute necessary in the path to self-realization, as per the view of Ayurvedic scholars.		Leading a righteous, non-violent life bestows longevity in human beings while maintaining harmony within societies and the environment at large. As discussed earlier in this (and the preceding) chapter, Valor is the best value among those that promote strength; knowledge is one thing that should always be increased; self-control should always be exercised to stay happy; discovery/understanding/realization helps the most in creating a feeling of exaltation/ecstasy, while celibacy is the most important attribute necessary in the path to self-realization, as per the view of Ayurvedic scholars.

	Medical Education: Current medical education is disease-centric but and does not consider disease prevention as its priority. This is because of lack of understanding about what health is and how it can be preserved protected and rejuvenated. To provide complete care, a physician should be trained in both health and disease management. He should receive knowledge from authentic books and understand the practical applications of the concepts from experienced teachers before he starts taking care of people on his own.		=== Medical Education ===
	Besides increased incidence of diseases in humans, there is increasing polarization and intolerance in our societies causing discord and violence. There is environmental degradation of the planet evidenced by global warming and increased pollution. All these phenomena imply a deteriorating health of humans, society and the planet at large. [[Ayurveda]] considers the human individual as a microcosm that reflects the health of the universe at large – the macrocosm. A healthy planet would need to have healthy societies, requiring healthy human beings. Imbalances within the bodily elements – the ~~''doshas~~, ~~dhatus~~,'' etc. – lead to imbalances between the individual and his environment. This underscores the value of imbibing the knowledge about health from [[Charak Samhita]].
			Current medical education is disease-centric<ref name="Basisht Symbiohealth">Basisht GK. Symbiohealth-Need of the hour. AYU [serial online] 2011 [cited 2020 Sep 22];32:6-11. Available from: http://www.ayujournal.org/text.asp?2011/32/1/6/85715</ref> but and does not consider disease prevention as its priority. This is because of lack of understanding about what health is and how it can be preserved protected and rejuvenated. To provide complete care, a physician should be trained in both health and disease management. He should receive knowledge from authentic books and understand the practical applications of the concepts from experienced teachers before he starts taking care of people on his own.
			Besides increased incidence of diseases in humans, there is increasing polarization and intolerance in our societies causing discord and violence. There is environmental degradation of the planet evidenced by global warming and increased pollution. All these phenomena imply a deteriorating health of humans, society and the planet at large. [[Ayurveda]] considers the human individual as a microcosm that reflects the health of the universe at large – the macrocosm. A healthy planet would need to have healthy societies, requiring healthy human beings. Imbalances within the bodily elements – the [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],etc. – lead to imbalances between the individual and his environment. This underscores the value of imbibing the knowledge about health from [[Charak Samhita]].
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