Difference between revisions of "Talk:Bilva"

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(Created page with "Aegle marmelos (L.) CORREA EX. SCHULTZ {{Infobox |title = Bilva |label1 = Section/Chapter |data1 = Herb database/Bilva |label2 = Botanical name(s) |data2 = Aegle marmelos (L....")
 
 
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|label2 = Botanical name(s)
 
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|label3 = Family
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|data3 = --
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|data3 = Rutaceae
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|data4 =  2021
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|data4 = Available
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|label5 = Contributors
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|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
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|data5 = --
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|label6 = DOI  
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|label6 = Year of publication  
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|data6 = Awaited
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|data6 =  2025
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|label7 = Publisher  
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|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
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Bael
 
Bael
 +
 +
==Therapeutic uses<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 01:18</ref>==
 +
Pravahika, Agnimandhya(loss of appetite), grahani roga
  
 
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
 
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
  
−
Bilva, Shriphala, Shandilya, Malur, Mahaphala, Sadaphala
+
Bilva, Shriphala(fruit of bilva is having aroma), Shandilya, Malur, Mahaphala(fruit is large in size), Sadaphala(bilva bears fruits always)
 +
 
 +
==Synonyms in bhavaprakasa nighantu<ref> Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, guduchyadi varga, verse no.-13
 +
 
 +
</ref>==
 +
Shandilya, Shailusha(Bilva tree grows in hilly region also),malura
 +
 
 +
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
  
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+ Properties
 +
|-
 +
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
 +
|-
 +
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Astringent (kashaya), Bitter (tikta)
 +
|-
 +
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
 +
|-
 +
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
 +
|-
 +
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
 +
|-
 +
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[kapha]] and [[vata]]
 +
|-
 +
|}
 
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
 
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
  
Line 38: Line 68:
 
| 2  
 
| 2  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/19  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/19  
−
| Pachani-Grahi yavagu
+
| Pachani-Grahi yavagu(gruel)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 3  
 
| 3  
Line 50: Line 80:
 
| 5  
 
| 5  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(12)  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(12)  
−
| Arshoghnamahakashay
+
| Arshoghnamahakashaya(anti-hemorrhoids)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 6  
 
| 6  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(25)  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(25)  
−
| Asthapanopagmahakashay
+
| Asthapanopagmahakashaya(helping corrective enema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 7  
 
| 7  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(26)
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(26)
−
| Anuvasanopagmahakashay
+
| Anuvasanopagmahakashaya(unctuous enema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 8  
 
| 8  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(38)
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(38)
−
| Shwayathuharamahakashaya
+
| Shwayathuharamahakashaya(relieving oedema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 9  
 
| 9  
Line 82: Line 112:
 
| 13
 
| 13
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/107
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/107
−
| Shaka Varga
+
| Shaka Varga(group of vegetables)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/138
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/138
−
| Phala Varga
+
| Phala Varga(group of fruits)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 15
 
| 15
Line 94: Line 124:
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 8/11
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 8/11
−
| Aragvadha Yoga
+
| Aragvadha Yoga(collections of best food articles, factors and drugs in various conditions)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 17
 
| 17
Line 114: Line 144:
 
| 21
 
| 21
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/187
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/187
−
| Used as peya where jwara is associated with  Parikartika.
+
| Used as peya where jwara(fever) is associated with  Parikartika(fissure).
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 22
 
| 22
Line 154: Line 184:
 
| 31
 
| 31
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/93
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/93
−
| Ingredient in Uttarbhatik  Ghrit
+
| Ingredient in Uttarbhatik  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 32
 
| 32
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/126
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/126
−
| Ingredient in Atisar nashak  Yog
+
| Ingredient in Atisar nashak  Yoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 33
 
| 33
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/127
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/127
−
| Ingredient in Atisar nashak  Yog
+
| Ingredient in Atisar nashak  Yoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 34
 
| 34
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/168
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/168
−
| Ingredient in Rajayakshma  nasak Ghrit
+
| Ingredient in Rajayakshma  nasak Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 35
 
| 35
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/18
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/18
−
| Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrit
+
| Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 36
 
| 36
Line 182: Line 212:
 
| 38
 
| 38
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
−
| Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrit
+
| Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 39
 
| 39
Line 222: Line 252:
 
| 48
 
| 48
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/107  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/107  
−
| As an  ingredient of cavyadighrit
+
| As an  ingredient of cavyadi ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 49
 
| 49
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/110  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/110  
−
| As an  ingredient of nagaradya ghrit
+
| As an  ingredient of nagaradya ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 50
 
| 50
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| 54
 
| 54
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/230  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/230  
−
| As an  ingredient of hriberadi ghrit
+
| As an  ingredient of hriberadi ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 55
 
| 55
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/236
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/236
−
| As an  ingredient of sunishanak changeri ghrit
+
| As an  ingredient of sunishanak changeri ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 56
 
| 56
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/82
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/82
−
| As an  ingredient of dashmuladya ghrit
+
| As an  ingredient of dashmuladya ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 57
 
| 57
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/88
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/88
−
| As an  ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
+
| As an  ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrita evum churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 58
 
| 58
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| 63
 
| 63
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/58  
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/58  
−
| Used in Kaphaja Pandu Roga
+
| Used in Kaphaja Pandu(anemia) Roga
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 64
 
| 64
Line 302: Line 332:
 
| 68
 
| 68
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/140
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/140
−
| As an ingredient of  dashamuladhya ghrit
+
| As an ingredient of  dashamuladhya ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 69
 
| 69
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/142
 
| Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/142
−
| As an ingredient of  Tejovatyadi ghrit
+
| As an ingredient of  Tejovatyadi ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 70
 
| 70
Line 453: Line 483:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
+
==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 01:18</ref>==
 +
* 3-6 gm of the drug in powder form
 +
==Important formulations<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 01:18</ref>==
 +
* Bilvadi leha
 +
* Bruhatagangadhara churna
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Properties
 
−
|-
 
−
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Astringent (kashaya), Bitter (tikta)
 
−
|-
 
−
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
 
−
|-
 
−
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
 
−
|-
 
−
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[kapha]] and [[vata]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
 
    
 
    
 
== Current availability==  
 
== Current availability==  
Line 477: Line 495:
  
 
== Current researches ==
 
== Current researches ==
 +
 +
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Aegle%20marmelos
 +
  
 
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
 
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
 
   This article is under development ..
 
   This article is under development ..

Latest revision as of 17:53, 3 April 2025

Aegle marmelos (L.) CORREA EX. SCHULTZ

Bilva
Section/Chapter Herb database/Bilva
Botanical name(s) Aegle marmelos (L.) CORREA EX. SCHULTZ
Family Rutaceae
Availability Available
Contributors --
Year of publication 2025
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

English name

Bael

Therapeutic uses[1]

Pravahika, Agnimandhya(loss of appetite), grahani roga

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Bilva, Shriphala(fruit of bilva is having aroma), Shandilya, Malur, Mahaphala(fruit is large in size), Sadaphala(bilva bears fruits always)

Synonyms in bhavaprakasa nighantu[2]

Shandilya, Shailusha(Bilva tree grows in hilly region also),malura

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Astringent (kashaya), Bitter (tikta)
2 Potency (veerya) Hot (ushna)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu)
4 Qualities (guna) Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify kapha and vata

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/11 Asthapana
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/19 Pachani-Grahi yavagu(gruel)
3 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/20 Piita-Shelsmaja Atisara yavagu
4 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/28 Grahiyavagu
5 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(12) Arshoghnamahakashaya(anti-hemorrhoids)
6 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(25) Asthapanopagmahakashaya(helping corrective enema)
7 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(26) Anuvasanopagmahakashaya(unctuous enema)
8 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(38) Shwayathuharamahakashaya(relieving oedema)
9 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/64 Anutailadravya
10 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 13/10 Sthavara Sneha Yoni (Vegetable origin of lipids)
11 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/24 Management of obesity
12 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 25/40 Agrya Sangraha
13 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/107 Shaka Varga(group of vegetables)
14 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/138 Phala Varga(group of fruits)
15 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/33 Vyapagat garbhashalya chikitsa
16 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 8/11 Aragvadha Yoga(collections of best food articles, factors and drugs in various conditions)
17 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 9/12 Tilvaka Ghrita Yoga
18 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 12/16 Churna Yoga
19 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/43 In formulation of brahma rasayana
20 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/183 Used as peya with amla in Jwaraatisara.
21 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/187 Used as peya where jwara(fever) is associated with Parikartika(fissure).
22 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/220 As an ingredient of Pippalyadi Ghrita.
23 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/235 Used as khseerapaka where jwara is associated with parikartika.
24 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/267 As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila.
25 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/46 In Yavagu prayoga.
26 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/67 To increase effect of Trayushanaadi ghrit
27 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/149 Ingredient of Mishrak Sneha
28 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/165 As Pathya Diet in Gulma
29 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/65 Ingredient in Mustadi Churna
30 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/81 Ingredient in Triphalasav
31 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/93 Ingredient in Uttarbhatik Ghrita
32 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/126 Ingredient in Atisar nashak Yoga
33 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/127 Ingredient in Atisar nashak Yoga
34 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/168 Ingredient in Rajayakshma nasak Ghrita
35 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/18 Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya Ghrita
36 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/43 Ingredient in Kshar Gudika
37 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/50 Ingredient in Kansaharitaki Avaleh
38 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/55 Ingredient in Chitrakadi Ghrita
39 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/60 Ingredient in Jivantyadi Yavagu
40 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/109 In treatment of Udara roga (for parisheka)
41 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/40 As an application of taila before Swedana kriya
42 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/44 Used as avasechana in arsha roga
43 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/47 Used in avgah sweda
44 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/63 As an ingredient of traushnadi churna
45 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/69 Bilva and kapittha are used with chitraka
46 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/93 kashaya Or yavani used in yusha
47 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/100 Alleviates pain in arsha with patha
48 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/107 As an ingredient of cavyadi ghrita
49 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/110 As an ingredient of nagaradya ghrita
50 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/131 Used in anuvasan basti
51 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/144 As an ingredient of dantyarista
52 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/195 Used in rakta arsha shoola
53 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/200 Used in rakta arsha
54 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/230 As an ingredient of hriberadi ghrita
55 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/236 As an ingredient of sunishanak changeri ghrita
56 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/82 As an ingredient of dashmuladya ghrita
57 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/88 As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrita evum churna
58 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/113 Used as ingredient of yavagu
59 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/129 As an ingredient of Nagaradhya churna
60 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/136 As an ingredient of Kiratadhya churna (Pittaja Grahani chiktsa
61 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/156 As an ingredient of Mulasava
62 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/188 Used in preparation of Pancham Kshara
63 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/58 Used in Kaphaja Pandu(anemia) Roga
64 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/119 As an ingredient of Vyoshadi Ghrit
65 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/94 Used in yusha preparation for hikka svasa
66 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/102 Used in yavagu preparation for hikka svasa
67 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/105 Dasamula kwath is used in condition of trishna in terms of patients of hikka svasa.
68 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/140 As an ingredient of dashamuladhya ghrita
69 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/142 As an ingredient of Tejovatyadi ghrita
70 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/77 As an ingredient of peya yoga.
71 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/110 As a ahara dravya.
72 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/123 As an ingredient of dashamuladu ghrita.
73 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/20 As a pramathya dravya
74 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/26 As a Ingridient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
75 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/34 As a yusha dravya
76 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/35 As a yusha dravya
77 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/45 As a anuvasana dravya
78 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/48 Use with paya for pana
79 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/52 As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaj atisara.
80 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/62 As a anuvasana dravya
81 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/104 As a kwatha dravya
82 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/109 As a yoga dravya
83 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/110 As a yoga dravya
84 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/113, As a yoga dravya
85 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/114, As a main dravya in kaphaj atisara
86 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/118, As a piccha basti dravya
87 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/119 As a anuvasana dravya
88 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/23 As a yusha prayoga in Vataja chhardi.
89 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/129 Used as anupana in vataja madatyaya as an ingredient of panchamula.
90 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/78 Used for parisechana in Daha & shoola.
91 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/82 As an ingredient of Punarnavadi taila for vataja hrudroga.
92 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/135 Used in Vataja pratishyaya as dhoomavarti.
93 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/184 Used in Kaphaja Siroroga for Pradhamana nasya.
94 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/243 As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti.
95 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/29 As an ingredient of Urustambha nashak Yoga
96 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/56 As an ingredient of Shyonakadi Parisheka and Pra;lepa
97 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/97 Used in the treatment of Nabhigata vata.
98 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/123 As an ingredient of Baladi ghrita.
99 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/141 As an ingredient of Yavadi taila.
100 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/169 As an ingredient of Mulakadhya taila.
101 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/176 As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
102 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/104 As an ingredient of Amrutadhya taila.
103 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/91 As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna.
104 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/266 Used in the treatment of Phena sanghat, As an ingredient of Anjanadi lepa.
105 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/278 Used in the treatment of Pichhila stanya.

Dose[3]

  • 3-6 gm of the drug in powder form

Important formulations[4]

  • Bilvadi leha
  • Bruhatagangadhara churna


Current availability

Available

Current researches

https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Aegle%20marmelos 

 This article is under development ..
  1. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 01:18
  2. ↑ Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, guduchyadi varga, verse no.-13
  3. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 01:18
  4. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 01:18
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